Electrospinning is one of the most important methods used for the production of nanostructured materials. Electrospun nanofibers are used in a wide spectrum of applications such as drug delivery systems, filtration, fog harvesting, tissue engineering, smart textiles, flexible electronics, and more. Control of the manufacturing process is essential for further technology developments. In electrospinning, relative humidity is a crucial parameter that influences nearly all the properties of the collected fibers, such as morphology, mechanical properties, liquid retention, wetting properties, phase composition, chain conformation, and surface potential. Relative humidity is a determining component of a reliable process as it governs charge dissipation and solvent evaporation. This review summarizes the electrospinning process and its applications, phase separation processes, and impact of relative humidity on the properties of polymer fibers. We investigated relative humidity effects on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers using over 20 polymers and hundreds of solvent systems. Most importantly, we underlined the indisputable importance of relative humidity in process repeatability and demonstrated its impact on almost all aspects of fiber production from a solution droplet to an electrospun network.

电纺丝是用于生产纳米结构材料的最重要方法之一。电纺纳米纤维被广泛应用于各种领域，例如药物输送系统，过滤，雾气收集，组织工程，智能纺织品，柔性电子产品等等。制造过程的控制对于进一步的技术发展至关重要。在静电纺丝中，相对湿度是一个关键参数，它几乎影响收集到的纤维的所有特性，例如形态，机械特性，液体保持力，润湿特性，相组成，链构象和表面电势。相对湿度是控制电荷消散和溶剂蒸发的可靠过程的决定因素。这篇综述总结了静电纺丝工艺及其应用，相分离过程，以及相对湿度对聚合物纤维性能的影响。我们使用20多种聚合物和数百种溶剂系统研究了相对湿度对亲水和疏水聚合物的影响。最重要的是，我们强调了相对湿度在过程可重复性中无可争议的重要性，并证明了它对从溶液液滴到静电纺丝网络几乎所有方面的影响。