Homeostasis between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants is necessary for aerobic life, which if perturbed and shifted towards pro-oxidants results in oxidative stress. It is generally agreed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is accelerated with mountainous elevation, which may play a role in spawning serious health crisis. Exposure to increasing terrestrial altitude leads to a reduction in ambient O2 availability in cells producing a series of hypoxic oxidative stress reactions and altering the redox balance in humans. Enormous literature on redox signaling drove research activity towards understanding the role of oxidative stress under normal and challenging conditions like high-altitude hypoxia which grounds for disturbed redox signaling. Excessive ROS production and accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause various pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic pathophysiological conditions. In order to counteract this oxidative stress and maintain the balance of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants, an anti-oxidant system exists in the human body, which, however, gets surpassed by elevated ROS levels, but can be strengthened through the use of anti-oxidant supplements. Such cumulative studies of fundamentals on a global concept like oxidative stress and role of anti-oxidants can act as a foundation to further smoothen for researchers to study over health, disease, and other pathophysiological conditions. This review highlights the interconnection between high altitude and oxidative stress and the role of anti-oxidants to protect cells from oxidative damages and to lower the risk of altitude-associated sickness.

中文翻译：

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高海拔缺氧诱导活性氧的产生、信号传导和缓解方法

促氧化剂和抗氧化剂之间的稳态是有氧生活所必需的，如果受到干扰并转向促氧化剂，则会导致氧化应激。人们普遍认为，随着山地海拔的升高，活性氧（ROS）的产生会加速，这可能会导致严重的健康危机。暴露于不断增加的陆地海拔会导致细胞中环境 O2 可用性降低，从而产生一系列缺氧氧化应激反应并改变人类的氧化还原平衡。关于氧化还原信号的大量文献推动了研究活动，以了解氧化应激在正常和具有挑战性的条件下的作用，例如高海拔缺氧，这是氧化还原信号受到干扰的基础。细胞和组织中过量的 ROS 产生和自由基的积累会导致各种肺部、心血管和代谢病理生理状况。为了抵消这种氧化应激并维持促氧化剂和抗氧化剂的平衡，人体内存在一个抗氧化系统，然而，它被升高的 ROS 水平所超越，但可以通过使用抗氧化补充剂。这种对诸如氧化应激和抗氧化剂作用等全球概念基础知识的累积研究可以作为研究人员进一步研究健康、疾病和其他病理生理状况的基础。