Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells (CART) remain one of the most advanced and promising forms of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. CART represent autologous, genetically engineered T lymphocytes expressing CAR, i.e. fusion proteins that combine components and features of T cells as well as antibodies providing their more effective and direct anti-tumour effect. The technology of CART construction is highly advanced in vitro and every element of their structure influence their mechanism of action in vivo. Patients with haematological malignancies are faced with the possibility of disease relapse after the implementation of conventional chemo-immunotherapy. Since the most preferable result of therapy is a partial or complete remission, cancer treatment regimens are constantly being improved and customized to individual patients. This individualization could be ensured by CART therapy. This paper characterized CART strategy in details in terms of their structure, generations, mechanism of action and published the results of clinical trials in haematological malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma.

嵌合抗原受体 (CAR)-T 细胞 (CART) 仍然是最先进、最有前途的过继性 T 细胞免疫疗法之一。CART代表表达CAR的自体基因工程T淋巴细胞，即融合T细胞的成分和特征以及抗体，提供更有效和直接的抗肿瘤作用。CART 构建技术在体外非常先进，其结构的每个元素都会影响其在体内的作用机制。血液系统恶性肿瘤患者在实施常规化疗免疫治疗后面临着疾病复发的可能。由于最理想的治疗结果是部分或完全缓解，因此癌症治疗方案正在不断改进并针对个体患者进行定制。CART 疗法可以确保这种个体化。本文从结构、世代、作用机制等方面详细描述了CART策略，并发表了急性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病和多发性骨髓瘤等血液系统恶性肿瘤的临床试验结果。