We evaluated temporal trends in zooplankton functional diversity (functional richness—FRic, evenness—FEve divergence—FDiv, and Community-Weighted Means—CWM) in 12 habitats of the Upper Parana River floodplain (Brazil) over 16 years (2000–2016) and their relationships with environmental predictors (chlorophyll-a, water depth, and turbidity). We hypothesized that different environmental drivers affect zooplankton's functional component in a distinct way. We predicted that: (i) FRic is positively related to increases in chlorophyll-a concentration and turbidity associated with impacts of damming on the floodplain and depth. (ii) FEve is negatively related to increases in chlorophyll-a concentration and turbidity, and positively related to depth. (iii) FDiv is negatively related to the increase in chlorophyll-a, depth, and turbidity. (iv) Finally, we asked how do each of the traits change the functional indexes and their relation to environmental predictors. FRic and FEve fluctuated oppositely and cyclically every five years. FDiv showed a trend similar to that of FRic. However, between 2005 and 2010 FDiv only decreased. All functional diversity indexes were explained by temporal variability, depth, and chlorophyll-a concentration. However, the influence of each variable was different for each component of functional diversity. For CWM, turbidity was negatively associated with life span and positively associated with predator escape, and type of reproduction, while predator escape and feeding type were negatively associated with depth. We highlight that, in order to maintain the drivers of zooplankton functional diversity (food availability, turbidity, and depth), it is extremely important to guarantee the floodplain ecosystem's original state of functionality.

中文翻译：

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随着时间的推移，新热带洪泛区的食物供应、深度和浊度驱动浮游动物功能多样性

我们评估了 16 年（2000 年至 2016 年）上巴拉那河泛滥平原（巴西）的 12 个栖息地的浮游动物功能多样性（功能丰富度—FRic、均匀度—FEve 分歧—FDiv 和群落加权平均值—CWM）的时间趋势，以及它们与环境预测因子（叶绿素-a、水深和浊度）的关系。我们假设不同的环境驱动因素以不同的方式影响浮游动物的功能成分。我们预测： (i) FRic 与叶绿素 a 浓度和浊度的增加呈正相关，这些增加与大坝对洪泛区和深度的影响有关。(ii) FEve 与叶绿素 a 浓度和浊度的增加呈负相关，与深度呈正相关。(iii) FDiv 与叶绿素-a、深度和浊度的增加呈负相关。(iv) 最后，我们询问了每个特征如何改变功能指标及其与环境预测因子的关系。FRic 和 FEve 每五年呈相反的周期性波动。FDiv 显示出与 FRic 相似的趋势。然而，在 2005 年至 2010 年间，FDiv 仅下降。所有功能多样性指数都用时间变异性、深度和叶绿素-a 浓度来解释。然而，对于功能多样性的每个组成部分，每个变量的影响是不同的。对于 CWM，浊度与寿命呈负相关，与捕食者逃逸和繁殖类型呈正相关，而捕食者逃逸和进食类型与深度呈负相关。我们强调，为了维持浮游动物功能多样性的驱动因素（食物供应、浊度和深度），