This study presents a low-cost multi-throughput true random number generator (TRNG) intellectual property (IP) based on a variable-length multi-mode ring oscillator. The proposed TRNG implements a multi-throughput feature by bypassing inverter cells in the ring oscillator for reducing the loop delay. This multi-throughput feature offers the advantage of high-performance or low-power operation when needed. These options make the proposed TRNG suitable for end-to-end encryption in highly restricted devices such as Internet of Things sensor nodes. Measurement results show that the proposed TRNG passes national institute of standards and technology (NIST) tests for different throughput operations. The TRNG is embedded in a reduced instruction set computer V (RISC-V)-based system-on-chip (SoC) for periodical-driven applications, and it achieves an energy efficiency of 92 pJ at 3.7 Mbps, occupying in a 180 nm technology. This study also presents a system technique to implement the entropy enhanced TRNGs, using multiple entropy sources. An extraction system provides high-quality random numbers with a sampling method that takes one entropy output to sample the other entropy sources. The system requires few resources, using low-cost TRNG IPs as entropy sources.

中文翻译：

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低成本TRNG IP

这项研究提出了一种基于可变长度多模环形振荡器的低成本多吞吐量真随机数发生器（TRNG）知识产权（IP）。提出的TRNG通过绕过环形振荡器中的反相器单元来实现多吞吐量功能，以减少环路延迟。此多吞吐量功能可在需要时提供高性能或低功耗操作的优势。这些选项使拟议的TRNG适用于受严格限制的设备（例如，物联网传感器节点）中的端到端加密。测量结果表明，拟议的TRNG通过了美国国家标准技术研究院（NIST）的各种吞吐量操作测试。TRNG嵌入在基于简化指令集计算机V（RISC-V）的片上系统（SoC）中，用于期刊驱动的应用，在180 nm技术中 这项研究还提出了一种使用多个熵源来实现熵增强的TRNG的系统技术。提取系统提供高质量的随机数，其采样方法采用一个熵输出来对其他熵源进行采样。该系统使用低成本的TRNG IP作为熵源，几乎不需要资源。