Electronic systems’ growth causes complexity and increases the risk of failure. Fault tolerance structures are one of the useful ideas for resolving this problem. In this paper, a fault tolerant approach to digital electronic modules is introduced, using hardware redundancy to make those modules fault tolerant. The proposed structure of hardware redundancy has a voter unit that can mask and detect faults at the same time. Such a voter unit is achieved by using both majority voter units and minority voter units in its structure. The proposed voter unit has a three-layer structure. One minority voter, three majority voters, and another minority voter are respectively producing these three layers of the proposed voter unit. These layers can mask and correct fault and detect the faulty module by producing a unique fault detecting code simultaneously. The code works properly as long as the majority of the modules work properly. Then, the result of the voter unit (the code) is transmitted to a relevant switching unit in order to switch the faulty module with a spare module. A redundant system based on the proposed redundancy structure with M spare modules can switch M faulty modules and tolerate ( M + 1) faults.

中文翻译：

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使用新的故障检测投票器单元结构使模块能够容忍故障的新硬件冗余方法

电子系统的发展会导致复杂性并增加故障风险。容错结构是解决此问题的有用思想之一。本文介绍了一种数字电子模块的容错方法，利用硬件冗余使这些模块具有容错能力。所提出的硬件冗余结构具有一个表决器单元，该表决器单元可以同时屏蔽和检测故障。通过在其结构中同时使用多数投票者单元和少数投票者单元来实现这样的投票者单元。提议的投票者单元具有三层结构。一名少数派选民，三名多数选民和另一名少数派选民分别在提议的选民单位中生产这三层。这些层可以屏蔽并纠正故障，并通过同时生成唯一的故障检测代码来检测故障模块。只要大多数模块都能正常工作，代码就可以正常工作。然后，将投票器单元的结果（代码）传输到相关的切换单元，以便用备用模块切换故障模块。基于提出的冗余结构的冗余系统中号 备用模块可以切换 中号 有故障的模块并且可以容忍（ 中号 +1）故障。