Genes associated with parkinsonism may also be implicated in carcinogenesis, but their interplay remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies (PubMed 1967–2019) reporting gene variants associated with both parkinsonism and cancer. Somatic variants were examined in cancer samples, whereas germline variants were examined in cancer patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic (carriers) genetic parkinsonisms. Pooled proportions were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. Out of 9,967 eligible articles, 60 were included. Of the 28 genetic variants associated with parkinsonism, six were also associated with cancer. In cancer samples, SNCA was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal cancers , UCHL1 with breast cancer, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. In asymptomatic carriers, LRRK2 was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal and prostate cancers, PRKN with prostate and genitourinary tract cancers, GBA with sarcoma, and 22q11.2 deletion with leukemia. In symptomatic genetic parkinsonism, LRRK2 was associated with nonmelanoma skin cancers and breast cancers, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. Cancer was more often manifested in genetic parkinsonisms compared to asymptomatic carriers. These results suggest that intraindividual genetic contributions may modify the co-occurrence of cancer and neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

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遗传性帕金森病和癌症：系统评价和荟萃分析

与帕金森病相关的基因也可能与致癌作用有关，但它们之间的相互作用尚不清楚。我们系统地回顾了报告与帕金森症和癌症相关的基因变异的研究（PubMed 1967-2019）。在癌症样本中检查了体细胞变异，而在有症状和无症状（携带者）遗传性帕金森病的癌症患者中检查了生殖系变异。汇总比例是通过随机效应荟萃分析计算的。在 9,967 篇符合条件的文章中，有 60 篇被纳入。在与帕金森症相关的 28 种遗传变异中，有 6 种也与癌症有关。在癌症样本中，SNCA 主要与胃肠道癌相关，UCHL1 与乳腺癌相关，PRKN 与头颈癌相关。在无症状携带者中，LRRK2 主要与胃肠道癌和前列腺癌相关，PRKN 与前列腺癌和泌尿生殖道癌相关，GBA 与肉瘤相关，22q11.2 缺失与白血病相关。在有症状的遗传性帕金森病中，LRRK2 与非黑色素瘤皮肤癌和乳腺癌有关，PRKN 与头颈癌有关。与无症状携带者相比，癌症更常表现为遗传性帕金森病。这些结果表明，个体内的遗传贡献可能会改变癌症和神经退行性疾病的同时发生。与无症状携带者相比，癌症更常表现为遗传性帕金森病。这些结果表明，个体内的遗传贡献可能会改变癌症和神经退行性疾病的同时发生。与无症状携带者相比，癌症更常表现为遗传性帕金森病。这些结果表明，个体内的遗传贡献可能会改变癌症和神经退行性疾病的同时发生。