Abstract

Context

The species-specific differences and mechanisms of action of bee pollen on reproduction have not been well studied.

Objective

We compared the effects of bee pollen extracts from different plants on ovarian cell functions.

Materials and methods

We compared the effects of pollens from black alder, dandelion, maize, rapeseed, and willow at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 µg/mL on cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability was assessed with a Trypan blue test, the cell proliferation marker (PCNA), and an apoptosis marker (BAX) were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) release was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Addition of any bee pollen reduced cell viability, promoted accumulation of both proliferation and apoptosis markers, and promoted IGF-I release. The ability of various pollens to suppress cell viability ranked as follows: rapeseed > dandelion > alder > maize > willow. The biological activity of bee pollens regarding their stimulatory action on ovarian cell proliferation ranked as follows: dandelion > willow > maize > alder > rapeseed. Cell apoptosis was promoted by pollens as follows: range > dandelion > alder > rapeseed > willow > maize. The ability of the pollens to stimulate IGF-I output are as follows: willow > dandelion > rapeseed > maize > alder.

Discussion

Bee pollen can promote ovarian cell proliferation by promoting IGF-I release, but it induces the dominance of apoptosis over proliferation and the reduction in ovarian cell viability in a species-specific manner.

Conclusions

This is the first demonstration of adverse effects of bee pollen on ovarian cell viability and of its direct stimulatory influence on proliferation, apoptosis, and IGF-I release. The biological potency of bee pollen is dependent on the plant species.

中文翻译：

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源自不同物种的蜂花粉对卵巢细胞功能具有独特的影响

摘要

语境

蜂花粉的物种特异性差异和作用机理尚未得到很好的研究。

目的

我们比较了不同植物的蜂花粉提取物对卵巢细胞功能的影响。

材料和方法

我们比较了黑al木，蒲公英，玉米，油菜籽和柳树中0、0.01、0.1、1、10或100 µg / mL的花粉对培养的猪卵巢颗粒细胞的影响。用锥虫蓝试验评估细胞活力，通过免疫细胞化学评估细胞增殖标志物（PCNA）和凋亡标志物（BAX）。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测量胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）的释放。

结果

添加任何蜂花粉都会降低细胞活力，促进增殖和凋亡标记物的积累，并促进IGF-1释放。各种花粉抑制细胞活力的能力如下：油菜籽>蒲公英> al木>玉米>柳树。蜜蜂花粉对卵巢细胞增殖的刺激作用的生物学活性如下：蒲公英>柳树>玉米> der木>油菜籽。花粉促进细胞凋亡的方法如下：范围>蒲公英> der木>油菜籽>柳树>玉米。花粉刺激IGF-I输出的能力如下：柳树>蒲公英>油菜籽>玉米> al木。

讨论区

蜂花粉可以通过促进IGF-I的释放来促进卵巢细胞的增殖，但是它以物种特异性的方式诱导细胞凋亡超过增殖，并导致卵巢细胞活力降低。

结论

这是蜂花粉对卵巢细胞活力的不利影响及其对增殖，凋亡和IGF-I释放的直接刺激作用的首次证明。蜂花粉的生物效力取决于植物种类。