Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are released from orthopedic and neurosurgical prostheses and can interact with a number of blood components once in the bloodstream. Potential toxic effects of Co and Cr NPs on blood platelets have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Co and Cr NPs on platelet function in vitro. The ability of the tested NPs to induce platelet activation and aggregation was measured using light transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry, and quartz crystal balance with dissipation (QCM-D). This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and optical and immunofluorescence microscopy. Perfusion of QCM-D sensor crystals with platelet-rich-plasma in the presence of Co 28 nm, CoO 50 nm, Co₂O₃ 50 nm, Co₃O₄ 30–50nm, Cr 35–45nm, Cr₂O₃ 60 nm NPs (0.5–5.0 µg/mL) resulted in significant changes in frequency and dissipation, indicating that these NPs caused platelet microaggregation. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed that Cr NPs led to platelet swelling and lysis. Our study shows that both Co and Cr NPs affect platelet function in vitro with two distinct mechanisms. While Co NPs result in standard platelet aggregation, Cr NPs cause both platelet aggregation and decreased platelet membrane integrity and lysis. Based on these findings, monitoring serum NP levels and platelet-mediated hemostasis can be advised in patients with metal-on-metal Co–Cr prostheses.

抽象的

纳米颗粒（NPs）从整形外科和神经外科假体中释放出来，一旦进入血液，便可以与多种血液成分相互作用。尚未彻底研究Co和Cr NP对血小板的潜在毒性作用。本研究的目的是分析Co和Cr NPs对体外血小板功能的影响。使用光透射聚集法，流式细胞仪和带耗散的石英晶体平衡（QCM-D）测量了被测NP诱导血小板活化和聚集的能力。这通过透射电子显微镜（TEM），扫描电子显微镜以及光学和免疫荧光显微镜得到了证实。在Co 28 nm，CoO 50 nm，Co ₂ O存在下用富含血小板的血浆灌注QCM-D传感器晶体₃ 50 nm，Co ₃ O ₄ 30–50nm，Cr 35–45nm，Cr ₂ O ₃ 60 nm NP（0.5–5.0 µg / mL）导致频率和耗散的显着变化，表明这些NP导致血小板微聚集。透射电子显微镜还显示，Cr NPs导致血小板溶胀和溶解。我们的研究表明，Co和Cr NP均通过两种不同的机制影响体外血小板功能。Co NPs导致标准的血小板凝集，而Cr NPs导致血小板凝集和血小板膜完整性和裂解降低。基于这些发现，建议使用金属对金属钴铬假体的患者监测血清NP水平和血小板介导的止血。