ABSTRACT

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerable safety for advanced malignancies. However, a proportion of patients who had received immunotherapy may experience hyperprogressive disease and a resultant poor prognosis. Here, we report a patient with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma who developed hyperprogressive disease shortly after immunotherapy. This patient received nivolumab after multiple lines of treatment, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy. Through the comprehensive analysis of NGS results, we concluded that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might be associated with hyperprogressive disease after immunotherapy. Additionally, potential mechanisms underlying hyperprogressive disease after immunotherapy reported in other malignant tumors were also summarized.

摘要

免疫检查点抑制剂已证明对晚期恶性肿瘤具有良好的疗效和可耐受的安全性。然而，一部分接受过免疫治疗的患者可能会出现疾病过度进展并导致预后不良。在这里，我们报告了一名晚期食管鳞癌患者，该患者在免疫治疗后不久就出现了过度进展的疾病。该患者在接受多线治疗后接受了纳武单抗，包括化疗、放疗和抗血管生成治疗。通过对NGS结果的综合分析，我们得出结论，PI3K/AKT信号通路可能与免疫治疗后的超进展性疾病有关。此外，还总结了其他恶性肿瘤中报道的免疫治疗后超进展性疾病的潜在机制。