Nonlinear electrokinetics (EK), specifically electrophoresis of the second kind, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrorotation (EROT), have gained significant interest recently for their flexibility and labeless discriminant manner of operation. The current applications of these technologies are a clear advancement from what they were when first discovered, but also still show strong signs of future growth. The present review article presents a discussion of the current uses of microscale nonlinear EK technologies as analytical, sensing, and purification tools for microorganisms. The discussion is focused on some of the latest discoveries with various nonlinear EK microfluidic techniques, such as DEP particle trapping and EROT for particle assessments, for the analysis of microorganisms ranging from viruses to parasites. Along the way, special focus was given to key research articles from within the past two years to provide the most up‐to‐date knowledge on the current state‐of‐the‐art within the field of microscale EK, and from there, an outlook on where the future of the field is headed is also included.

中文翻译：

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具有非线性电动微系统的微生物分析

非线性电动 (EK)，特别是第二类电泳，介电泳 (DEP) 和电旋转 (EROT)，最近因其灵活性和无标记区分操作方式而引起了人们的极大兴趣。这些技术的当前应用与最初发现时的应用相比有了明显的进步，但仍显示出未来增长的强劲迹象。本综述文章讨论了目前使用微尺度非线性 EK 技术作为微生物分析、传感和纯化工具的情况。讨论的重点是各种非线性 EK 微流体技术的一些最新发现，例如 DEP 粒子捕获和用于粒子评估的 EROT，用于分析从病毒到寄生虫的微生物。一路上，