The metal ion‐doped (Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Ag⁺) TiO₂ nanocrystalline thin films were spin‐coated on glass substrates. The grazing incidence X‐ray diffractometer (GIXRD), SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Raman, UV–VIS and a fluorescence spectrometer were employed to study the structural, compositional and optical properties of metal‐doped TiO₂ films. As revealed by GIXRD, all the metal‐doped TiO₂ thin films were found to anatase tetragonal crystal structure. The deposited films were optimized using annealing temperature (550°C) to get high‐quality crystalline films with the anatase phase. The thin films with the specific surface area of Fe‐, Co‐, Ni‐ and Ag‐doped anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals are 152.18, 88.25 96.68 and 178.38 m²/g, respectively, which has been calculated by GIXRD results. Optical transmittance spectra were used to determine the thickness, band gap energy and refractive index of metal‐doped TiO₂ thin films. The characteristic vibrational Raman modes also revealed that the films were found to be anatase phase. The intensity of luminescence emission decreases with the doping of metal ions. Metal‐doped TiO₂ films exhibit strong photocatalytic performance than undoped TiO₂ films. The degradation efficiencies typically increase with the different dopants for the visible‐light degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). Moreover, the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of silver ion‐doped titania thin film is found to be better than that of Fe³⁺‐, Co²⁺‐, and Ni²⁺‐doped TiO₂ films.

中文翻译：

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金属离子掺杂对锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜结构，光学性能和光催化活性的影响

将金属离子掺杂的（Fe ³⁺，Co 2 ⁺，Ni ²⁺和Ag ⁺）TiO ₂纳米晶体薄膜旋涂在玻璃基板上。掠入射X射线衍射仪（GIXRD），SEM，能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX），拉曼光谱，UV-VIS和荧光光谱仪用于研究掺杂金属的TiO ₂的结构，组成和光学性质电影。正如GIXRD所揭示的那样，所有金属掺杂的TiO ₂发现薄膜具有锐钛矿四方晶体结构。使用退火温度（550°C）对沉积的膜进行优化，以获得具有锐钛矿相的高质量结晶膜。Fe，Co，Ni和Ag掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO ₂纳米晶的比表面积分别为152.18、88.25 96.68和178.38 m ² / g，这是通过GIXRD结果计算得出的。使用光学透射光谱来确定金属掺杂的TiO ₂薄膜的厚度，带隙能量和折射率。特征振动拉曼模式还表明，发现膜为锐钛矿相。发光强度随金属离子的掺杂而降低。金属掺杂的TiO ₂薄膜比未掺杂的TiO ₂薄膜具有更强的光催化性能。对于亚甲基蓝（MB）和甲基橙（MO）的可见光降解，降解效率通常随掺杂剂的不同而增加。此外，发现银离子掺杂的二氧化钛薄膜的光催化活性（PCA）优于Fe ³⁺，Co ²⁺和Ni ²⁺掺杂的TiO ₂薄膜。