Inefficiency of anthraquinone‐based avian repellents when applied to sunflower: the importance of crop vegetative and floral characteristics in field applications,Pest Management Science

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Inefficiency of anthraquinone‐based avian repellents when applied to sunflower: the importance of crop vegetative and floral characteristics in field applications
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.6171
Brandon A Kaiser _{1,

2} , Burton L Johnson ₃ , Michael H Ostlie ₄ , Scott J Werner ₅ , Page E Klug ₆

Affiliation

Blackbirds (Icteridae) cause significant damage to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) prompting the need for effective management tools. Anthraquinone‐based repellents can reduce feeding by > 80% in laboratory settings, but require birds to learn the negative association through repellent ingestion. We evaluated an anthraquinone‐based repellent applied directly to mature sunflower plants for its ability to reduce bird damage. We used captive male red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to evaluate efficacy of two anthraquinone‐based formulations in varying concentrations and applied in a manner attainable by sunflower producers. We also assessed field application methods for repellent coverage and anthraquinone residues when using ground‐rigs equipped with drop‐nozzles situated below the crop canopy.

中文翻译：

蒽醌类鸟类驱蚊剂在向日葵上的使用效率低下：作物营养和花卉特性在田间应用中的重要性

黑鸟（Icteridae）对向日葵（Helianthus annuus L. ）造成了严重破坏，从而需要有效的管理工具。在实验室环境中，基于蒽醌的驱虫剂可使进食量减少80％以上，但要求鸟类通过摄取驱虫剂来了解其消极关联。我们评估了直接用于成熟向日葵植物的基于蒽醌的驱虫剂减少鸟类伤害的能力。我们使用了圈养的雄性红翅黑鸟（Agelaius phoeniceus）评估两种基于蒽醌的制剂在不同浓度下的功效，并以向日葵生产者可以达到的方式应用。当使用配备有位于农作物冠层下方的水滴喷嘴的地面钻机时，我们还评估了田间施用方法的驱虫剂覆盖率和蒽醌残留量。

更新日期：2020-11-04

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