Understanding the spatial distribution pattern and driving factors behind ecosystem health is beneficial to ecosystem management and restoration. However, the literature shows little in‐depth exploration of regional heterogeneity and the factors that influence ecosystem health on a global scale. This study assesses global ecosystem health for the period 2000–2015 based on the vigor, organization, resilience, and service (VORS) model, and it explores the factors that influence regional differences in ecosystem health. Our results show that: (a) regions with high levels of ecosystem health are distributed mainly near the Equator and within the north–south regression line (0°N–13°N, 0°S–18°S); (b) seven critical zones with high levels of ecosystem health are identified (13°N–18°S, 45°N–65°N, 35°S–56°S, 47°W–80°W, 120°W–130°W, 8°E–37°E, 92°E–157°E); and (c) average annual precipitation and soil moisture play a key role in ecosystem health globally, with correlations of 0.574 and 0.399, respectively. Socioeconomic factors act as bridges, linking and reinforcing the influence of other factors in areas with medium to low levels of ecosystem health. Our study contributes to better understanding of ecosystem health, fills gaps in global ecosystem health diagnosis, and provides reference points for management and recovery of ecosystems.

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评价全球生态系统健康的时空变化

理解生态系统健康背后的空间分布模式和驱动因素有利于生态系统的管理和恢复。但是，文献显示，对全球范围内的区域异质性和影响生态系统健康的因素的研究很少。这项研究基于活力，组织，适应力和服务（VORS）模型评估了2000-2015年期间的全球生态系统健康，并探讨了影响生态系统健康区域差异的因素。我们的结果表明：（a）生态系统健康水平较高的区域主要分布在赤道附近和南北回归线（0°N–13°N，0°S–18°S）内；（b）确定了七个具有高度生态系统健康水平的关键区域（13°N–18°S，45°N–65°N，35°S–56°S，47°W–80°W，120°W –130°W，8°E–37°E，92°E–157°E）；（c）年均降水量和土壤湿度在全球生态系统健康中发挥关键作用，相关系数分别为0.574和0.399。社会经济因素在生态系统健康水平处于中低水平的地区充当桥梁，联系并加强其他因素的影响。我们的研究有助于更好地了解生态系统健康，填补全球生态系统健康诊断方面的空白，并为生态系统的管理和恢复提供参考。