Severe rocky desertification and considerable terrain relief in karst areas increase the difficulty of identifying determinants of ecosystem services (ESs), leading to relatively insufficient research on the quantitative attribution of karst ESs. This study investigates environmental determinants and their interactions affecting karst ESs in Southwest China and spatially variable correlations between environmental determinants and karst ESs in geomorphological regions using the geographical detector and geographical weighted regression methodologies. Results show that land use and vegetation coverage are the determinants of water yield and soil loss at the basin scale, with explanatory power of 67.2% and 32.3%, respectively; and the combination of elevation and vegetation coverage determines the spatial distribution of carbon sequestration. The determinants of ESs differed substantially among diverse geomorphological types due to differences in the inner characteristics of each. In addition to the dominant role of land use in each geomorphological type, the effects of vegetation coverage and precipitation on the water yield are significant in mountainous regions. The explanatory power of land use for soil loss decreases with increased terrain relief, while that of the vegetation coverage shows the opposite trend. For carbon sequestration, terrain factors play a more important role than land use at the basin scale, while land use is more influential in each geomorphological type. Furthermore, precipitation and vegetation coverage have the largest impact area on water yield and soil loss in each geomorphological type, respectively, and the impact area of each determinant of carbon sequestration shows obvious regional differences.

中文翻译：

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影响西南地区喀斯特生态系统服务空间异质性的环境决定因素

喀斯特地区严重的石漠化和大量的地形缓解增加了确定生态系统服务（ESs）决定因素的难度，从而导致对喀斯特ESs定量归因的研究相对不足。本研究利用地理检测器和地理加权回归方法研究了影响西南地区喀斯特ESs的环境决定因素及其相互作用，以及地貌区环境决定因素与喀斯特ESs之间的空间变量相关性。结果表明，在流域尺度上，土地利用和植被覆盖是水分和土壤流失的决定因素，解释力分别为67.2％和32.3％。海拔和植被覆盖率的结合决定了固碳的空间分布。由于每种内在特征的差异，ES的决定因素在不同的地貌类型之间存在很大差异。除了土地利用在每种地貌类型中的主导作用外，山区的植被覆盖和降水对水产量的影响也很显着。土地利用对土壤流失的解释力随着地形起伏的增加而降低，而植被覆盖率的解释力却呈现相反的趋势。对于碳固存，地形因素在流域尺度上比土地利用更为重要，而土地利用在每种地貌类型中的影响更大。此外，在每种地貌类型中，降水量和植被覆盖率分别对水产量和土壤流失影响最大，