The newly developed Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ additives have been demonstrated for enhancing efficiency from 14.7% to 17.4% and from 15.5% to 18.2% for conventional (FTO/TiO₂ as the substrate) and inverted (FTO/NiO_x as the substrate) MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), respectively. Different from many effective additives of PVSCs, Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ provides the first visual evidences (colors changing) of additives participating in the solution adduct of MAPbI₃ precursors. Further experimental results reveal that the Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ additives slowdown the formation process of the MAPbI₃ crystallite thin film, of which the grain size reaches up to 900 nm with 0.2 M concentration of Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ additives in the MAPbI₃ precursor solutions (1 M), accordant with the optimal concentration of Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ additives in enhancing efficiency of MAPbI₃ PVSCs. We understand the role of Pb[N(CN)₂]₂ additives in MAPbI₃ PVSCs through color photos (of precursor adduct solution and the adduct solid isolated from solutions), infra-red (of adduct solid isolated from solution), UV–visible absorption, photoluminescence, static and time-dependent powder X-ray spectroscopies.

事实证明，新开发的Pb [N（CN）₂ ] ₂添加剂可将常规（以FTO / TiO ₂为基材）和倒置（FTO / NiO _x）的效率从14.7％提高至17.4％，从15.5％提高至18.2％。MAPbI ₃钙钛矿太阳能电池（PVSC）作为底物。与许多有效的PVSC添加剂不同，Pb [N（CN）₂ ] ₂提供了第一个视觉证据（颜色变化），这些添加剂参与MAPbI ₃前体的溶液加合物。进一步的实验结果表明，Pb [N（CN）₂ ] ₂添加剂减慢了MAPbI ₃的形成过程。在MAPbI ₃前体溶液（1 M）中具有0.2 M浓度的Pb [N（CN）₂ ] ₂添加剂时，晶粒尺寸可达900 nm的微晶薄膜，与Pb [N（ CN）₂ ] ₂添加剂可增强MAPbI ₃ PVSC的效率。我们通过彩色照片（前体加合物溶液和从溶液中分离出的加合物固体），红外线（从溶液中分离出的加合物固体），紫外线–来了解Pb [N（CN）₂ ] ₂添加剂在MAPbI ₃ PVSC中的作用。可见光吸收，光致发光，静态和随时间变化的粉末X射线光谱。