Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh/g and the lowest reduction potential of −3.04 V, has promoted widespread interests in the development of Li metal batteries (LMBs). LMBs coupling Li metal anodes with industrially mature cathodes (LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂) and novel cathodes (sulfur, O₂) can in principle deliver higher energy density than commercial Li-ion batteries. However, practical applications of LMBs have been plagued by unstable solid electrolyte interphase, irreversible Li deposition, and uncontrollable dendrite growth. To overcome these challenges, numerous strategies have been proposed, and one particularly attractive approach is functional skeletons. In this contribution, we classify the types of skeletons on the basis of materials, examine the strengths and weaknesses of each type, and distinguish the underlying mechanisms for various designs. Particularly, we highlight the importance of architectures at various length scales and surface functionalization toward high-performance skeletons. Finally, we propose material design strategies that could eventually lead to practical applications of LMBs.

金属锂（​​Li）由于其3860 mAh / g的高理论容量和最低的-3.04 V还原电位而引起了人们对锂金属电池（LMB）开发的广泛兴趣。LMB将锂金属阳极与工业上成熟的阴极（LiNi _x Co _y Mn _1-xy O ₂）和新型阴极（硫，O ₂）耦合）原则上可以提供比商用锂离子电池更高的能量密度。但是，LMB的实际应用受到不稳定的固体电解质相间，不可逆的Li沉积和无法控制的枝晶生长的困扰。为了克服这些挑战，已经提出了许多策略，并且一种特别有吸引力的方法是功能框架。在此贡献中，我们根据材料对骨架的类型进行分类，检查每种类型的优缺点，并区分各种设计的潜在机制。特别是，我们强调了各种规模的体系结构的重要性以及针对高性能骨架的表面功能化的重要性。最后，我们提出了可以最终导致LMB实际应用的材料设计策略。