Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) has been used as a bone implant material because of its piezoelectric properties and the ability to promote cell growth when combined with hydroxyapatite. However, the brittleness of BaTiO₃ inhibits its use as a bone replacement material at load-bearing sites, and the reduction of BaTiO₃ content in the composite reduces its piezoelectric effect on bone growth. In this study, we explored a preparation method, which included directional freeze casting and self-solidification of bone cement, to obtain 1-3-type BaTiO₃/PMMA bio-piezoelectric composites with a lamellar structure. The lamellar BaTiO₃ layer through the composite from the bottom to the top significantly improved the piezoelectric properties of the composite. In addition, the dendritic ceramic bridges on the BaTiO₃ pore walls can improve the compressive strength and elastic modulus of BaTiO₃/PMMA bio-piezoelectric composites with a lamellar structure. More importantly, it was found that polarized lamellar BaTiO₃ could induce osteoblasts to grow in the direction of the BaTiO₃ layers. When the width of the BaTiO₃ layer was in the range of 8–21 μm, osteoblasts along the BaTiO₃ layer showed well growth, which can be of great value for the production of biomimetic bone units.

钛酸钡（BaTiO ₃）由于其压电特性和与羟基磷灰石结合时具有促进细胞生长的能力而被用作骨植入材料。然而，BaTiO ₃的脆性阻碍了其在承重部位用作骨替代材料，并且复合物中BaTiO ₃含量的降低降低了其对骨骼生长的压电作用。在这项研究中，我们探索了一种制备方法，该方法包括定向凝固法和骨水泥的自固化，以获得具有层状结构的1-3型BaTiO ₃ / PMMA生物压电复合材料。层状BaTiO ₃从底部到顶部贯穿复合材料的第二层显着改善了复合材料的压电性能。另外，在BaTiO ₃孔壁上的树枝状陶瓷桥可以改善具有层状结构的BaTiO ₃ / PMMA生物压电复合材料的抗压强度和弹性模量。更重要的是，发现极化层状BaTiO ₃可以诱导成骨细胞向BaTiO ₃层的方向生长。当BaTiO ₃层的宽度在8-21μm的范围内时，沿BaTiO ₃层的成骨细胞显示出良好的生长，这对于仿生骨单元的生产可能具有重要的价值。