Goals and pathways to achieve sustainable urban development have multiple interlinkages with human health and wellbeing. However, these interlinkages have not been examined in depth in recent discussions on urban sustainability and global urban science. This paper fills that gap by elaborating in detail the multiple links between urban sustainability and human health and by mapping research gaps at the interface of health and urban sustainability sciences. As researchers from a broad range of disciplines, we aimed to: 1) define the process of urbanization, highlighting distinctions from related concepts to support improved conceptual rigour in health research; 2) review the evidence linking health with urbanization, urbanicity, and cities and identify cross-cutting issues; and 3) highlight new research approaches needed to study complex urban systems and their links with health. This novel, comprehensive knowledge synthesis addresses issue of interest across multiple disciplines. Our review of concepts of urban development should be of particular value to researchers and practitioners in the health sciences, while our review of the links between urban environments and health should be of particular interest to those outside of public health. We identify specific actions to promote health through sustainable urban development that leaves no one behind, including: integrated planning; evidence-informed policy-making; and monitoring the implementation of policies. We also highlight the critical role of effective governance and equity-driven planning in progress towards sustainable, healthy, and just urban development.

实现可持续城市发展的目标和途径与人类健康和福祉有着多重联系。但是，在最近关于城市可持续性和全球城市科学的讨论中，并未对这些相互联系进行深入研究。本文通过详细阐述城市可持续性与人类健康之间的多重联系，并通过绘制健康与城市可持续性科学之间的研究差距来填补这一空白。作为来自广泛学科的研究人员，我们的目标是：1）定义城市化的过程，强调与相关概念的区别，以支持健康研究中概念性的提高。2）审查将健康与城市化，城市化和城市联系起来的证据，并确定跨领域的问题；3）强调研究复杂城市系统及其与健康之间联系的新研究方法。这种新颖的，全面的知识综合解决了跨学科感兴趣的问题。我们对城市发展概念的回顾对于健康科学领域的研究人员和从业者应该具有特殊的价值，而我们对城市环境与健康之间的联系的回顾应该对公共卫生之外的人们特别有意义。我们确定了通过可持续的城市发展促进健康的具体行动，这些行动不遗余力，包括：综合规划；循证决策；并监督政策的执行情况。我们还强调了有效的治理和公平驱动的计划在实现可持续，健康和公正的城市发展中的关键作用。