This paper presents a rural exemplar house built in San Francisco de Raymina (a high Andean village 3700 masl) in southern Peru that integrates passive and sustainable solar heating techniques. A climatic analysis of this village was carried out using measurements of meteorological parameters recorded throughout a whole year. The annually averaged temperature, relative humidity and horizontal daily solar energy were 8.3 °C, 73.1% and 5.2 kWh/m, respectively. The temperatures outside and inside the most rural dwellings are almost the same, so they do not offer any protection specially, during nights when the temperature can reach values below zero. The thermal behavior of the house was modeled with the m2m tool, and an experimental validation was carried out. With the use of m2m, it was possible to create an energy balance during the month of June 2014 (the winter cold and dry season) to determine the energy loss/gain contributions by each wall and to assess how air exchanges (the flow rates of which were deduced using an inversion approach, as they could not be directly measured) between the exterior and interior influence the thermal behavior of the whole house. Infiltration contributed approximately 48.6% of the daily energy losses, while the main solar gains were from the skylights (21.8%) and the adobe walls, which absorbed heat during the day and released heat at night.

中文翻译：

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寒冷、高海拔安第斯地区农村住宅的生物气候方法：以秘鲁房屋为例


本文介绍了在秘鲁南部的 San Francisco de Raymina（海拔 3700 米的安第斯山脉高地村庄）建造的乡村示范房屋，该房屋集成了被动式和可持续的太阳能供暖技术。利用全年记录的气象参数测量结果对该村庄进行了气候分析。年平均气温、相对湿度、水平日太阳能量分别为8.3℃、73.1%、5.2kWh/m2。大多数农村住宅的室外和室内温度几乎相同，因此在夜间温度可能达到零以下时，它们不会提供任何特别的保护。使用 m2m 工具对房屋的热行为进行建模，并进行了实验验证。通过使用 m2m，可以在 2014 年 6 月（冬季寒冷和干燥季节）建立能量平衡，以确定每面墙的能量损失/增益贡献，并评估空气交换的情况（空气的流速）这是使用反演方法推导出来的，因为它们无法直接测量）外部和内部之间影响整个房子的热行为。渗透约占每日能量损失的 48.6%，而主要的太阳能增益来自天窗 (21.8%) 和土坯墙，它们在白天吸收热量，在夜间释放热量。