The convergence of environmental pollution is one of the contemporary issues in economics. Indeed, most of the long-run climate projections and future predictions of environmental conditions are based on convergence presumption. The pioneer studies initially focused on the convergence of carbon emission per capita, yet convergence of ecological footprint per capita, accepted as a more comprehensive environmental degradation indicator than carbon emission per capita, has been begun to examine by researchers as well. The main point of this paper is to examine the stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint among different income groups of countries from 1961 to 2016 by a panel stationarity test with smooth shifts and log-t methods. According to the empirical findings, (a) cross-section dependence exists in all income groups, (b) the findings of the panel stationarity test with smooth shifts favored divergence, (c) there are several convergent clubs among different income groups. The existence of club convergence proposes that environmental policies should consider the different convergence paths associated with club membership.

环境污染的趋同是经济学中的当代问题之一。的确，大多数长期气候预测和对环境状况的未来预测都是基于趋同性推定。先驱者研究最初集中在人均碳排放量的趋同上，但是被认为是比人均碳排放量更全面的环境退化指标的人均生态足迹趋同，也已开始被研究人员研究。本文的重点是通过采用平稳变动和对数t方法的面板平稳性检验，检验1961年至2016年国家不同收入群体之间生态足迹的随机性和俱乐部收敛性。根据经验发现，（a）所有收入群体都存在横断面依赖，（b）平稳变动的小组平稳性测试的结果有利于分歧，（c）不同收入群体之间存在多个趋同的俱乐部。俱乐部趋同的存在建议环境政策应考虑与俱乐部会员资格相关的不同趋同路径。