Abstract The objective of the research presented here was to determine the effectiveness of applying electrolysis in polluted sediment to enhance ammonia nitrogen (NH3−N) and phosphate phosphorous (PO43−-P) removal from sediment and overlying water. A magnesium‑aluminum (Mg Al) alloy was used as the anode, and a titanium (Ti) mesh served as the cathode with a low-current of 40 mA (5 V) in polluted river sediment and overlying water. The total nitrogen (TN), NH3-N and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) were mainly removed through the electro-oxidation and electro-reduction process and the highly pH and DO value caused by electrolytic reaction which could also enhance the removal of NH3-N through nitrifying bacteria. There was significant difference (p = 0.021) during the removal between electrolyzed sediment and sediment without electrolysis control. Approximately 253.47 ± 1.82 mg TN were removed using an electrolysis treatment on sediment since the initial TN concentration was about 1312 ± 104.37 mg/kg in the polluted sediment and about 14.91 mg TN per day was removed which was 4.62 times greater than that removed by non-electrolysis controls. As for P in the sediment, the results showed that the Mg- Al alloy anode mostly released Mg2+ ions to promote the removal of PO43−-P in the sediment and overlying water; meanwhile, the electrodeposition of PO43−-P on the Ti mesh cathode was used to enhance PO43−-P removal and totally about 106.65 ± 0.23 mg TP was removed since the TP concentration was 607.68 ± 32.27 mg/kg. Notably, electrolysis promoted the transformation of sodium hydroxide-P (NaOH-P) fractions to ammonia chloride-P (NH4Cl-P), which improved the bioavailability of P. Through energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, the precipitates of the Ti mesh cathode and the precipitates produced between the sediment and overlying water both contain Mg, Ca, Al and P. Electrolysis had little effect on the removal of organic carbon in the sediment (p = 0.64). Taken as a whole, this study suggested that electrolysis-driven N and P removal could be a sustainable technology for the management of polluted river sediments.

中文翻译：

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电解降低污染底泥氮磷负荷

摘要 本研究的目的是确定在污染沉积物中应用电解以增强从沉积物和上覆水中去除氨氮 (NH3-N) 和磷磷 (PO43--P) 的有效性。使用镁铝 (Mg Al) 合金作为阳极，钛 (Ti) 网作为阴极，在受污染的河流沉积物和上覆水中提供 40 mA (5 V) 的低电流。总氮 (TN)、NH3-N 和硝态氮 (NO3--N) 主要通过电氧化和电还原过程去除，电解反应产生的高 pH 值和 DO 值也可以增强去除NH3-N 通过硝化细菌。电解沉积物和无电解控制的沉积物在去除过程中存在显着差异（p = 0.021）。使用沉积物电解处理去除了大约 253.47 ± 1.82 mg TN，因为污染沉积物中的初始 TN 浓度约为 1312 ± 104.37 mg/kg，每天去除约 14.91 mg TN，是非电解处理去除的 TN 的 4.62 倍。 -电解控制。对于沉积物中的P，结果表明Mg-Al合金阳极主要释放Mg2+离子，促进沉积物和上覆水中PO43--P的去除；同时，PO43--P 在 Ti 网状阴极上的电沉积用于增强 PO43--P 的去除，由于 TP 浓度为 607.68 ± 32.27 mg/kg，总共去除了约 106.65 ± 0.23 mg TP。值得注意的是，电解促进了氢氧化钠-P (NaOH-P) 馏分向氯化铵-P (NH4Cl-P) 的转化，从而提高了 P 的生物利用度。通过能谱（EDS）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析，Ti网状阴极的沉淀物以及沉淀物与上覆水之间产生的沉淀物均含有Mg、Ca、Al和P。电解对去除效果影响不大沉积物中的有机碳 (p = 0.64)。总的来说，这项研究表明电解驱动的 N 和 P 去除可能是一种可持续的技术，用于管理受污染的河流沉积物。