Abstract Biomass-derived porous carbon materials are very promising in the fields of energy storage and conversion, owing to their fascinating features, such as superior renewability, low cost and environmental friendliness. Correspondingly, developing a safe and energy effective strategy for fabricating advanced carbon from biomass has drawn tremendous attention. In the present work, cattail fiber-derived porous carbon is prepared with an impregnation-single stage calcination method by using K2CO3 as the activating agent. The dosage of K2CO3 and calcination temperature are optimized according to the supercapacitive performance of the corresponding carbon materials. The optimal CPC-2-600, which is fabricated with a mass ratio of 2 : 1 for K2CO3 to cattail fibers and calcined at 600 °C, possesses much larger specific surface area and more abundant micropores and mesopores than the pristine carbon fabricated without using K2CO3 (denoted as CPC-0-600), leading to an improved supercapacitive behavior. As the electrode material for the three-electrode supercapacitors, CPC-2-600 displays a specific capacitance of 273.8 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 in 6.0 M KOH solution, as well superior rate capability. Moreover, the CPC-2-600-based symmetrical configuration delivers an energy density of 27.44 Wh kg−1 at 400 W kg−1. Even the power density is up to 8000 W kg−1, the energy density is still maintained as high as 16.67 Wh kg−1, which is much superior to CPC-0-600. Also, the symmetrical configuration exhibits good cycling stability. This work offers a hierarchical porous carbon from cattail fibers for high-performance supercapacitors. Moreover, the mild, effective and low-cost fabrication strategy is also suitable for preparing other biomass-based carbon, which is promising in heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage and conversion devices, and so on.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能超级电容器的香蒲纤维衍生的分级多孔碳材料

摘要 生物质衍生的多孔碳材料由于具有优越的可再生性、低成本和环境友好等特点，在能量存储和转换领域具有广阔的应用前景。相应地，开发一种从生物质中制造先进碳的安全且节能的策略引起了极大的关注。在目前的工作中，以 K2CO3 作为活化剂，采用浸渍-单步煅烧法制备了香蒲纤维衍生的多孔碳。K2CO3的用量和煅烧温度根据相应碳材料的超级电容性能进行优化。最佳的 CPC-2-600，其制备的 K2CO3 与香蒲纤维的质量比为 2:1，并在 600 °C 下煅烧，与不使用 K2CO3 制造的原始碳（表示为 CPC-0-600）相比，具有更大的比表面积和更丰富的微孔和中孔，从而改善了超级电容行为。作为三电极超级电容器的电极材料，CPC-2-600 在 6.0 M KOH 溶液中在 1.0 A g-1 下显示出 273.8 F g-1 的比电容，以及优异的倍率性能。此外，基于 CPC-2-600 的对称配置在 400 W kg-1 时提供 27.44 Wh kg-1 的能量密度。即使功率密度高达8000 W kg-1，能量密度仍保持高达16.67 Wh kg-1，远优于CPC-0-600。此外，对称配置表现出良好的循环稳定性。这项工作为高性能超级电容器提供了来自香蒲纤维的分级多孔碳。而且，