In source monitoring, schematic expectations affect both memory and metamemory. In metamemory judgments, people predict better source memory for items that originated from an expected source (e.g., oven in the kitchen) than for items that originated from an unexpected source (e.g., hairdryer in the kitchen; expectancy effect; Schaper et al., 2019a). By contrast, actual source memory is either unaffected by expectations or better for unexpected sources (inconsistency effect; Kuhlmann & Bayen, 2016). Thus, the metamemory expectancy effect is illusory. This research is the first to test the hypotheses that such metamemory monitoring of source memory affects metamemory control (i.e., measures taken to achieve a desired level of memory; Nelson & Narens, 1990) and memory. Due to their expectancy illusion, people should choose to restudy unexpected source–item pairs more often. Three participant groups (n = 36 each) studied expected and unexpected source–item pairs. One group rendered metamemory judgments and chose pairs for restudy. A second group made restudy choices only. These two groups then restudied the chosen pairs. A third group did not make restudy choices and restudied a random half of the pairs. All participants completed a source-monitoring test. As predicted, participants chose unexpected pairs more often for restudy based on their illusory conviction that they would remember unexpected sources more poorly. These restudy choices concurred with an inconsistency effect on source memory not shown in the group without restudy choices. Thus, the metamemory illusion related to control and memory in source monitoring.

在源监视中，示意性期望值会影响内存和元内存。在元记忆判断中，人们预测源自预期来源（例如厨房中的烤箱）的物品的源记忆要比源自意外来源（例如厨房中的吹风机；预期效果； Schaper等人， 2019a）。相比之下，实际的源内存要么不受预期影响，要么对意外的源更好（不一致的影响; Kuhlmann＆Bayen，2016）。因此，元记忆预期效果是虚幻的。这项研究是第一个检验以下假设的证据：这种对源记忆的元记忆监视会影响元记忆控制（即，为达到所需记忆水平而采取的措施； Nelson＆Narens，1990）。由于期望错觉，人们应该选择重新研究意想不到的来源－项目对。三个参与者组（n （每个= 36）研究了预期的和意外的源项目对。一组进行元记忆判断并选择对进行重新研究。第二组仅作重新研究选择。然后，这两组重新研究了选定的对。第三组没有进行重新研究的选择，而是随机研究了一半。所有参与者都完成了源监控测试。正如预测的那样，参与者基于他们错觉地相信自己会更差地记住未预期的来源而更加频繁地选择未预期的配对进行重新研究。这些重新选择会导致对源内存的不一致影响，没有重新选择就不会显示在组中。因此，元内存错觉与源监视中的控制和内存有关。