Abstract Disordered hard carbon (HC) has shown potential as the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Pyrolyzing waste plastics is a sustainable alternative to obtain HC. However, most plastics will completely decompose without carbon residue or transform into highly graphitic carbon during the carbonation process because of lacking oxygen functional groups. Hence, ester bond-rich waste engineering plastics, polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were selected and directly converted into HC by a simple pyrolysis method. The PC and PET-derived carbon anodes (PC-HC and PET-HC) exhibit high reversible capacities of 327 and 342 mAh·g−1 at 20 mA·g−1with remarkable initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 84.7% and 86.1%, respectively. Particularly, the carbon samples have no severe capacities decay after 140 cycles at 100 mA g−1. This work provides a cost-effective, easily large-scale, and eco-friendly route to fabricate HC anodes for grid-scale energy storage.

中文翻译：

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将富含酯键的废塑料直接转化为用于高性能储钠的硬碳

摘要 无序硬碳（HC）已显示出作为钠离子电池（SIBs）最有前途的负极材料的潜力。热解废塑料是获得 HC 的可持续替代方法。然而，由于缺乏氧官能团，大多数塑料在碳酸化过程中会完全分解而不会残留碳或转化为高度石墨化的碳。因此，选择了富含酯键的废工程塑料、聚碳酸酯 (PC) 和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)，并通过简单的热解方法直接转化为 HC。PC和PET衍生的碳负极（PC-HC和PET-HC）在20 mA·g-1下表现出327和342 mAh·g-1的高可逆容量，初始库仑效率（ICE）分别为84.7%和86.1% ， 分别。特别，碳样品在 100 mA g-1 下循环 140 次后没有严重的容量衰减。这项工作为制造用于电网规模储能的 HC 阳极提供了一种具有成本效益、易于大规模和环保的途径。