Abstract Solar radiation affects occupant comfort and building energy consumption in ways that have received relatively little attention in environmental design and energy simulation. Direct, diffuse, and reflected irradiation on the body have warming effects that can be equated to increases in the mean radiant temperature (MRT) of the occupant's surroundings. A simplified occupant-centered model (SolarCal Model, i.e., SC Model) has recently been adopted in ASHRAE Standard 55, followed by a comprehensive simulation procedure combining detailed room- and manikin geometries using the Daylight Coefficient Model (DC Model). This paper presents an intermediate-level mathematical model (the HNU Solar Model) capable of rapid annual calculations of the MRT increases. Both the room and occupant geometries are simplified but consistent with those of the SC Model. Novel strategies of the calculation include a sky-annulus fraction, virtual body shadow, and equivalent window. Modeled results are compared with those simulated by the DC Model using Radiance software, which is assumed to be accurate. The differences in the Delta MRT by diffuse, direct, and reflected solar radiation are usually less than 1, 2, and 0.5 °C between the DC and HNU Solar Models, respectively. For a given occupant position indoors, the HNU Solar Model only needs 5 s to obtain the annual Delta MRT, while the DC Model needs about 7 min. The HNU Solar Model provides a simple and practical way to evaluate indoor environments at the room scale, to design fenestration, and to predict set-point changes in annual energy simulation of HVAC systems.

中文翻译：

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通过新颖的数学模型模拟室内人体的太阳辐射

摘要 太阳辐射以环境设计和能源模拟中相对较少关注的方式影响居住者的舒适度和建筑能耗。对身体的直接、漫射和反射辐射具有变暖效应，可以等同于居住者周围环境的平均辐射温度 (MRT) 的增加。最近在 ASHRAE 标准 55 中采用了一种以居住者为中心的简化模型（SolarCal 模型，即 SC 模型），随后是使用日光系数模型（DC 模型）结合详细房间和人体模型几何形状的综合模拟程序。本文提出了一个中级数学模型（HNU 太阳能模型），能够快速计算 MRT 每年的增加量。房间和居住者的几何形状都经过简化，但与 SC 模型的几何形状一致。计算的新策略包括天环分数、虚拟体阴影和等效窗口。将建模结果与使用 Radiance 软件的 DC 模型模拟的结果进行比较，假设该结果是准确的。DC 和 HNU 太阳能模型之间由漫射、直接和反射太阳辐射引起的 Delta MRT 差异通常分别小于 1、2 和 0.5 °C。对于室内给定的乘员位置，HNU Solar Model 只需要 5 s 即可获得年度 Delta MRT，而 DC 模型需要大约 7 分钟。HNU 太阳能模型提供了一种简单实用的方法来评估房间尺度的室内环境、设计开窗以及预测 HVAC 系统年度能量模拟的设定点变化。