Selective laser melting (SLM) has emerged as one of the leading additive manufacturing (AM) processes for the fabrication of complex metallic components, due to its capability to achieve high quality at acceptable times. However, due to the complexity of physical phenomena occurring during SLM, such as heat transfer and phase transformations, laser absorption, molten metal flow, and moving interfaces, it is still necessary to conduct research in order to achieve a deeper understanding of the process and improve it. In the present work, a comprehensive simulation model for the study of conduction mode single-track SLM process of 316L stainless steel is presented. This model incorporates temperature and phase-dependent material properties for both powder bed and substrate, detailed calculation of the absorption coefficient, and temperature-dependent boundary conditions. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with experimental findings, regarding the morphology and dimensions of melt pool under various process conditions. Moreover, with the proposed model, analysis of power losses as well as cooling and heating rates is conducted, identifying the characteristics of SLM process and providing valuable insights for its optimization.

选择性激光熔化（SLM）已成为制造复杂金属部件的领先的增材制造（AM）工艺之一，这是因为它具有在可接受的时间内达到高质量的能力。但是，由于SLM期间发生的物理现象的复杂性，例如传热和相变，激光吸收，熔融金属流动和移动界面，仍然有必要进行研究以更深入地了解过程和改进它。在目前的工作中，为研究316L不锈钢的传导模式单道SLM工艺提供了一个综合的仿真模型。该模型结合了粉末床和基质的温度和相变材料特性，详细计算了吸收系数，和温度相关的边界条件。关于各种工艺条件下熔池的形态和尺寸，模拟结果与实验结果非常吻合。此外，利用所提出的模型，进行了功率损耗以及冷却和加热速率的分析，确定了SLM工艺的特性，并为其优化提供了宝贵的见解。