The presence of three vitiviruses associated with grapevine rugose wood disease, i.e. grapevine virus B (GVB), grapevine virus E (GVE) and grapevine virus F (GVF), was studied in 650 grapevine samples collected from eight viticulture growing provinces of Iran. RT-PCR assays conducted on these samples showed that 69.5% of the grapevine material is infected at least with one virus; of which GVE was the prevailing virus (29.5%), followed by GVF (23.6%) and GVB (16.4%). The genetic variability and population structures of vitiviruses found in Iran were thoroughly analyzed by sequencing the complete coat protein gene of 29 isolates from different regions. BLAST analysis disclosed 81–96%, 77–80% and 87–96% identities at the nucleotide level and 91–98%, 80–85% and 93–97% identities at the amino acid level between Iranian GVB, GVE and GVF, respectively; and their corresponding reference isolates from the GenBank. The phylogenetic analyses showed two divergent evolutionary lineages for each vitivirus species that were related to the geographic origin of isolates. The high F_ST values found among GVE and GVF populations indicated that both viruses are under different evolutionary constraints in Iran, suggesting more than one origin. The neutrality analysis also suggested that GVE and GVF in Iran and in the world were inferred from the old presence of GVB, through gene flow and positive selection pressures that shaped the genetic structure of vitiviruses populations. The transmission trial conducted with Planococcus ficus under controlled conditions showed that GVE can be transmitted by the first-instar nymphs.

从伊朗的八个葡萄栽培生长省份收集了650个葡萄样品，研究了三种与葡萄皱纹木病相关的葡萄病毒，即葡萄病毒B（GVB），葡萄病毒E（GVE）和葡萄病毒F（GVF）。对这些样品进行的RT-PCR分析表明，葡萄树中至少有一种病毒感染了69.5％的葡萄。其中GVE是主要病毒（29.5％），其次是GVF（23.6％）和GVB（16.4％）。通过对来自不同地区的29个分离株的完整外壳蛋白基因进行测序，对在伊朗发现的病毒的遗传变异性和种群结构进行了彻底分析。BLAST分析显示，伊朗GVB，GVE和GVF在核苷酸水平上的一致性为81-96％，77-80％和87-96％，在氨基酸水平上的一致性为91-98％，80-85％和93-97％ ， 分别; 以及它们相应的参考文献均来自GenBank。系统发育分析表明，每种病毒病毒物种有两个不同的进化谱系，这些谱系与分离株的地理起源有关。高F在GVE和GVF人群中发现的_ST值表明，这两种病毒在伊朗处于不同的进化限制之下，表明有多个起源。中性分析还表明，伊朗和世界范围内的GVE和GVF是通过基因流和塑造病毒病毒种群遗传结构的正选择压力从GVB的存在而推断的。在受控条件下用Planococcus ficus进行的传播试验表明，GVE可以由第一龄若虫传播。