The historic Lāna‘i earthquake of 1871 is reappraised based on new science. This 1871 event occurred between O‘ahu and Maui, where currently 80% of the State of Hawai‘i population resides. I focus on expanding the considered modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) applied in prior seismic hazard analyses and the application of an earthquake MMI–magnitude, duration–magnitude, and fault‐scaling relations. Compared with the MMI–distance trend of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake, the Lāna‘i event appears larger. The 1871 earthquake and other M≥4.9 earthquakes (measured instrumentally) trend along the Moloka‘i fracture zone (MFZ), suggesting a tectonic relationship. The MFZ near Hawai‘i is the boundary between ∼85 and ∼100 Ma age lithosphere. Consistent with the preponderance of available evidence and new science, I propose a hypothetical, revised Mw∼7.5 earthquake model of the 1871 Lāna‘i earthquake associated with the MFZ. This seismic event may credibly be considered as the third largest earthquake statewide in Hawai‘i’s history and the largest historic earthquake northwest of the Big Island of Hawai‘i.

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1871年夏威夷群岛的拉奈地震

基于新科学对1871年历史性的拉奈地震进行了重新评估。这场1871年的事件发生在瓦胡岛和毛伊岛之间，目前夏威夷州80％的人口居住在那里。我专注于扩展在先前的地震危险性分析中应用的，经过考虑的修正的Mercalli强度（MMI），以及地震MMI（震级，持续时间-震级和断层缩放比例关系）的应用。与2019年加利福尼亚州里奇克莱斯特7.1级地震的MMI距离趋势相比，Lāna'i事件显得更大。沿着Moloka'i断裂带（MFZ）发生了1871年的地震和其他M≥4.9地震（用仪器测量），表明存在构造关系。夏威夷附近的MFZ是约85〜100 Ma年龄岩石圈的边界。与大量可用证据和新科学相一致，我提出了与MFZ相关的1871年拉奈地震的假想修订Mw〜7.5地震模型。可以相信，该地震事件被认为是夏威夷州历史上第三大地震，也是夏威夷大岛西北部最大的历史地震。