The textile materials functionalized with nanostructures have proven to be useful for many applications, such as antimicrobial, ultraviolet (UV) light protection, and self-cleaning substrates. The objective of this research is to synthesize and characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for the applications of UV absorbers and antibacterial activities. ZnO NPs were synthesized at different temperatures and reaction media of water (S-1) and 1,2-ethanediol (S-2) using precipitation and in situ methods on the surface of cotton fabric. The average crystalline size of the ZnO NPs estimated from the Debye Scherrer formula was found to be 32 and 26 nm for S-1 and S-2, respectively. The morphology of ZnO NPs characterized by scanning electron microscope revealed that agglomerated nanostructures were homogeneously formed on the fabric surface for S-1 and S-2; on the other hand, bundle-/flower-like particles having different sizes were observed for synthesis using an in situ method. The UV protection ability of ZnO NPs coated on textiles was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy by measuring the UV protection factor (UPF) in the range of 280–400 nm. Higher values of UPF were obtained for ZnO NPs prepared using an in situ method. The UPF value obtained by this method was found to be 320, which demonstrates its excellent ability to block UV radiation. The antibacterial activities of ZnO NPs synthesized by the two methods possess very good bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria demonstrated by the zone of inhibition.

中文翻译：

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将氧化锌纳米颗粒掺入棉纺织品中，具有紫外线防护和抗菌活性

已证明用纳米结构功能化的纺织材料可用于许多应用，例如抗菌、紫外线 (UV) 光保护和自清洁基材。本研究的目的是合成和表征氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米粒子 (NPs)，用于紫外线吸收剂和抗菌活性的应用。在棉织物表面使用沉淀法和原位法在不同温度和水 (S-1) 和 1,2-乙二醇 (S-2) 的反应介质下合成了 ZnO NPs。发现根据 Debye Scherrer 公式估计的 ZnO NP 的平均晶体尺寸对于 S-1 和 S-2 分别为 32 和 26 nm。通过扫描电子显微镜表征的 ZnO NPs 的形态表明，对于 S-1 和 S-2，在织物表面均匀地形成了团聚的纳米结构；另一方面，使用原位方法合成时观察到具有不同尺寸的束状/花状颗粒。通过测量 280-400 nm 范围内的紫外线防护因子 (UPF)，使用紫外-可见光谱研究了涂覆在纺织品上的 ZnO NPs 的紫外线防护能力。使用原位方法制备的 ZnO NPs 获得了更高的 UPF 值。发现通过这种方法获得的UPF值为320，这表明其具有出色的阻挡紫外线辐射的能力。