An epicardial bioelectronic patch is an important device for investigating and treating heart diseases. The ideal device should possess cardiac-tissue-like mechanical softness and deformability, and be able to perform spatiotemporal mapping of cardiac conduction characteristics and other physical parameters. However, existing patches constructed from rigid materials with structurally engineered mechanical stretchability still have a hard–soft interface with the epicardium, which can strain cardiac tissue and does not allow for deformation with a beating heart. Alternatively, patches made from intrinsically soft materials lack spatiotemporal mapping or sensing capabilities. Here, we report an epicardial bioelectronic patch that is made from materials matching the mechanical softness of heart tissue and can perform spatiotemporal mapping of electrophysiological activity, as well as strain and temperature sensing. Its capabilities are illustrated on a beating porcine heart. We also show that the patch can provide therapeutic capabilities (electrical pacing and thermal ablation), and that a rubbery mechanoelectrical transducer can harvest energy from heart beats, potentially providing a power source for epicardial devices.

心外膜生物电子贴片是用于研究和治疗心脏病的重要设备。理想的设备应具有类似于心脏组织的机械柔软性和可变形性，并能够对心脏传导特性和其他物理参数进行时空映射。但是，现有的由具有结构工程机械拉伸性的刚性材料制成的贴片仍与心外膜有硬-软界面，这可能使心脏组织劳损，并且不允许跳动的心脏变形。可替代地，由本质上柔软的材料制成的贴片缺乏时空映射或感测能力。这里，我们报告了一种心外膜生物电子贴片，该贴片由与心脏组织的机械柔软度匹配的材料制成，可以执行时空映射的电生理活动以及应变和温度感应。在跳动的猪心脏上说明了它的功能。我们还表明，该贴片可以提供治疗功能（电起搏和热消融），并且橡胶状机电转换器可以从心跳中收集能量，从而可能为心外膜设备提供动力。