Extracellular vesicle‐associated organotropic metastasis,Cell Proliferation

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Extracellular vesicle‐associated organotropic metastasis
Cell Proliferation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12948
Zhenzhen Mo ₁ , Jia Yang Alex Cheong ₂ , Lirong Xiang ₁ , Minh T N Le ₃ , Andrew Grimson ₄ , Daniel Xin Zhang _{4,

5}

Affiliation

Metastasis refers to the progressive dissemination of primary tumour cells and their colonization of other tissues and is associated with most cancer‐related mortalities. The disproportional and systematic distribution pattern of distant metastasis in different cancers has been well documented, as is termed metastatic organotropism, a process orchestrated by a combination of anatomical, pathophysiological, genetic and biochemical factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized cell‐derived membrane‐bound particles known to mediate intercellular communication, are now considered crucial in organ‐specific metastasis. Here, we review and summarize recent findings regarding EV‐associated organotropic metastasis as well as some of the general mechanisms by which EVs contribute to this important process in cancer and provide a future perspective on this emerging topic. We highlight studies that demonstrate a role of tumour‐derived EVs in organotropic metastasis via pre‐metastatic niche modulation. The bioactive cargo carried by EVs is of diagnostic and prognostic values, and counteracting the functions of such EVs may be a novel therapeutic strategy targeting metastasis. Further investigations are warranted to better understand the functions and mechanisms of EVs in organotropic metastasis and accelerate the relevant clinical translation.

中文翻译：

细胞外囊泡相关的器官转移

转移是指原发肿瘤细胞的进行性扩散及其在其他组织中的定植，并且与大多数癌症相关的死亡有关。不同癌症中远处转移的不成比例和系统性分布模式已得到充分记录，称为转移性器官向性，这是一个由解剖学、病理生理学、遗传和生化因素共同精心策划的过程。细胞外囊泡（EV）是纳米级的细胞衍生的膜结合颗粒，已知可介导细胞间通讯，现在被认为在器官特异性转移中至关重要。在这里，我们回顾并总结了有关 EV 相关器官转移的最新发现，以及 EV 促进癌症这一重要过程的一些一般机制，并为这一新兴主题提供了未来的前景。我们重点介绍了证明肿瘤源性 EV 通过转移前生态位调节在器官转移中发挥作用的研究。 EV 携带的生物活性物质具有诊断和预后价值，抵消此类 EV 的功能可能是一种针对转移的新型治疗策略。需要进一步研究以更好地了解 EV 在器官转移中的功能和机制，并加速相关的临床转化。

更新日期：2020-11-03

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