How does the gut microbiome influence immune checkpoint blockade therapy?,Immunology and Cell Biology

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › Immunol. Cell Biol. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

How does the gut microbiome influence immune checkpoint blockade therapy?
Immunology and Cell Biology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 , DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12423
Andrew A Almonte ₁ , Hareesha Rangarajan ₁ , Desmond Yip ₂ , Aude M Fahrer ₁

Affiliation

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies are revolutionary cancer treatments; however, they only benefit about a third of patients. Therefore, extensive research is underway to find methods to improve their therapeutic efficacy. One avenue of study that has recently emerged is to consider the role the gut microbiome plays in therapeutic success. Several high‐impact studies have repeatedly shown that the presence, composition and level of diversity of the gut flora directly impact cancer treatment outcome in both mice and patients. These studies have also highlighted the danger of using antibiotics shortly before or during cancer treatments. However, there are still several questions that need to be answered, including which bacteria promote the greatest benefit, the mechanisms by which they act and how we can use this information to influence treatment outcome. In this review, we explain how the gut microbiome was realized to be of such importance and propose hypotheses for why gut flora have such a critical impact on ICB therapeutic success. We also describe a hypothetical mechanism involving bacterial translocation out of the gut and into the tumor, whereby the bacteria act in an adjuvant capacity to facilitate an antitumor response. By highlighting key papers in the field, we hope to hasten research on the subject so as to find a means to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these ground‐breaking cancer treatments.

中文翻译：

肠道微生物组如何影响免疫检查点阻断疗法？

免疫检查点阻断 (ICB) 疗法是革命性的癌症疗法；然而，它们仅使大约三分之一的患者受益。因此，正在进行广泛的研究以寻找提高其治疗效果的方法。最近出现的一种研究途径是考虑肠道微生物组在治疗成功中的作用。几项高影响力研究一再表明，肠道菌群的存在、组成和多样性水平直接影响小鼠和患者的癌症治疗结果。这些研究还强调了在癌症治疗之前或期间使用抗生素的危险。然而，仍有几个问题需要回答，包括哪些细菌促进了最大的益处，它们的作用机制以及我们如何使用这些信息来影响治疗结果。在这篇综述中，我们解释了肠道微生物组是如何被意识到如此重要的，并提出了为什么肠道菌群对 ICB 治疗成功具有如此重要影响的假设。我们还描述了一种假设机制，涉及细菌从肠道转移到肿瘤中，由此细菌以辅助能力起作用以促进抗肿瘤反应。通过突出该领域的关键论文，我们希望加快对该主题的研究，以找到提高这些开创性癌症治疗方法的治疗效果的方法。我们解释了肠道微生物群是如何被认为如此重要的，并提出了为什么肠道菌群对 ICB 治疗成功具有如此重要影响的假设。我们还描述了一种假设机制，涉及细菌从肠道转移到肿瘤中，由此细菌以辅助能力起作用以促进抗肿瘤反应。通过突出该领域的关键论文，我们希望加快对该主题的研究，以找到提高这些开创性癌症治疗方法的治疗效果的方法。我们解释了肠道微生物群是如何被认为如此重要的，并提出了为什么肠道菌群对 ICB 治疗成功具有如此重要影响的假设。我们还描述了一种假设机制，涉及细菌从肠道转移到肿瘤中，由此细菌以辅助能力起作用以促进抗肿瘤反应。通过突出该领域的关键论文，我们希望加快对该主题的研究，以找到提高这些开创性癌症治疗方法的治疗效果的方法。

更新日期：2020-11-04

点击分享查看原文

点击收藏

公开下载

阅读更多本刊最新论文