Angelica is a taxonomically complex genus widespread throughout the North Temperate Zone. Previous phylogenetic studies of the genus have focused primarily on its East Asian species. The relationships among its North American members, the monophyly of these species, and the value of fruit morphology in circumscribing its taxa have yet to be examined. This study represents the most comprehensive sampling of Angelica to date (100 species) and includes all 26 species in North America. Relationships are inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of ITS sequences and, for multiple accessions of each North American species, cpDNA ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL, and psbM-psbD sequences. The fruit morphological characters examined were those considered phylogenetically important in East Asian Angelica. The results revealed that the North American species fell into three major clades: North American Angelica clade, Archangelica clade, and the Eurasian Angelica clade. Angelica dawsonii has affinities with Lomatium brandegeei. Fourteen species within the North American Angelica clade were strongly supported as monophyletic. Two paraphyletic species resulted in new combinations in A. lineariloba and A. venenosa. Conflict between the ITS-derived and cpDNA-derived phylogenies and the lack of resolution in portions of the trees may be due to chloroplast capture and rapid species radiation. Fruit morphology supported some interspecific relationships based on molecular data, and relationships revealed by ITS and cpDNA data were roughly in accordance with fruit classification type and geographic distribution region, respectively. A diagnostic key based on fruit morphology is provided for the identification of the North American Angelica taxa.

中文翻译：

---

基于nrDNA ITS和cpDNA序列及果实形态的北美当归属（伞形科）系统研究

当归是一种分类学复杂的属，广泛分布于北温带地区。以前对该属的系统发育研究主要集中在其东亚物种上。其北美成员之间的关系、这些物种的单一性以及果实形态在限制其分类群中的价值还有待研究。这项研究代表了迄今为止最全面的当归样本（100 种），包括北美的所有 26 种。使用 ITS 序列的贝叶斯推理、最大似然和最大简约性分析推断关系，对于每个北美物种的多次加入，cpDNA ndhF-rpl32、rpl32-trnL和psbM-psbD序列。所检查的果实形态特征是那些被认为在东亚当归中具有系统发育重要性的特征。结果显示，北美物种分为三大分支：北美当归进化枝、大当归进化枝和欧亚当归进化枝。当归 dawsonii与Lomatium brandegeei有亲缘关系。北美当归进化枝中的 14 个物种被强烈支持为单系。两个并系物种在A. lineariloba和A. venenosa中产生了新的组合. ITS 衍生系统发育和 cpDNA 衍生系统发育之间的冲突以及部分树木缺乏分辨率可能是由于叶绿体捕获和快速物种辐射。果实形态学支持一些基于分子数据的种间关系，ITS和cpDNA数据揭示的关系大致分别符合果实分类类型和地理分布区域。为北美当归类群的鉴定提供了基于果实形态的诊断关键。