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In infancy, it’s the extremes of arousal that are ‘sticky’: Naturalistic data challenge purely homeostatic approaches to studying self‐regulation
Developmental Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13059
Samuel V. Wass 1 , Celia G. Smith 2 , Kaili Clackson 3 , Farhan U. Mirza 4
Affiliation  

Most theoretical models of arousal/regulatory function emphasise the maintenance of homeostasis; consistent with this, most previous research into arousal has concentrated on examining individuals’ recovery following the administration of experimentally administered stressors. Here, we take a different approach: we recorded day‐long spontaneous fluctuations in autonomic arousal (indexed via electrocardiogram, heart rate variability and actigraphy) in a cohort of 82 typically developing 12‐month‐old infants while they were at home and awake. Based on the aforementioned models, we hypothesised that extreme high or low arousal states might be more short‐lived than intermediate arousal states. Our results suggested that, contrary to this, both low‐ and high‐arousal states were more persistent than intermediate arousal states. The same pattern was present when the data were viewed over multiple epoch sizes from 1 s to 5 min; over 10–15‐minute time‐scales, high‐arousal states were more persistent than low‐ and intermediate states. One possible explanation for these findings is that extreme arousal states have intrinsically greater hysteresis; another is that, through ‘metastatic’ processes, small initial increases and decreases in arousal can become progressively amplified over time. Rather than exclusively using experimental paradigms to study recovery, we argue that future research should also use naturalistic data to study the mechanisms through which states can be maintained or amplified over time.

中文翻译:

在婴儿期,唤醒的极端是“粘滞的”:自然主义数据挑战纯正稳态方法来研究自我调节

唤醒/调节功能的大多数理论模型都强调维持体内稳态。与此相符,以往大多数关于唤醒的研究都集中在检查实验性应激源给药后个体的恢复情况。在这里,我们采用了不同的方法:我们记录了82名典型的正在发育的12个月大婴儿在家里和醒着的时候,整天的自主神经唤醒(通过心电图,心率变异性和心动图索引)。基于上述模型,我们假设极端高或低唤醒状态可能比中间唤醒状态更短命。我们的结果表明,与此相反,低唤醒状态和高唤醒状态都比中间唤醒状态更持久。在1 s到5 min的多个时期内查看数据时,存在相同的模式。在10-15分钟的时间尺度上,高听觉状态比低听觉和中间状态更持久。对于这些发现的一种可能的解释是,极端唤醒状态本质上具有更大的滞后。另一个是,通过“转移”过程,唤醒的小的初始增加和减少会随着时间的流逝而逐渐放大。我们认为,不仅要使用实验范式来研究恢复,还应指出,未来的研究还应该使用自然数据来研究维持或扩大状态的机制。高听觉状态比低听觉和中间状态更具持久性。对于这些发现的一种可能的解释是,极端唤醒状态本质上具有更大的滞后。另一个是,通过“转移”过程,唤醒的小的初始增加和减少会随着时间的流逝而逐渐放大。我们认为,不仅要使用实验范式来研究恢复,还应指出,未来的研究还应该使用自然数据来研究维持或扩大状态的机制。高听觉状态比低听觉和中间状态更具持久性。对于这些发现的一种可能的解释是,极端唤醒状态本质上具有更大的滞后。另一个是,通过“转移”过程,唤醒的小的初始增加和减少会随着时间的流逝而逐渐放大。我们认为,不仅要使用实验范式来研究恢复,还应指出,未来的研究还应该使用自然数据来研究维持或扩大状态的机制。
更新日期:2020-11-04
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