Automobile companies have attempted to achieve a transition of vehicle types from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to new-generation vehicles (NGVs). Many studies have addressed the resource-related issues of vehicles. Despite the significant attention to the potential impacts of resource use in the LCIA narrative, the volume of natural resource exploitation has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, the concept of total material requirement (TMR), which is an indicator for assessing the scale of land disturbance caused by mining activities, was employed to evaluate the natural resource use for gasoline vehicles (GVs), electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Using this approach, the lifecycle TMR of automobiles at the production, operation and maintenance stages was assessed. It was found that NGV production uses more than twice the resources required for GV production. In particular, the production of the traction Li-ion battery accounts for approximately half of the total resource exploitation in the case of EV production due to the use of Cu, and nearly 40% of resource exploitation in the case of FCV production is attributed to the production of fuel cells due to the use of Pt. The inverse trend between lifecycle TMR and CO₂, which was observed for each type of vehicle, implies that recent transportation policies, with their focus on environmental implications of emissions, have overlooked the hidden factors associated with resource exploitation.

汽车公司已经尝试实现车辆类型从内燃机车辆（ICEV）到新一代车辆（NGV）的转变。许多研究已经解决了与车辆有关的资源问题。尽管在LCIA叙述中对资源使用的潜在影响给予了极大关注，但对自然资源开发的数量尚待充分调查。在这项研究中，总物料需求（TMR）的概念是评估采矿活动造成的土地干扰规模的指标，被用于评估汽油车（GV），电动车（EV）的自然资源利用，混合动力汽车（HEV）和燃料电池汽车（FCV）。使用这种方法，评估了汽车在生产，运营和维护阶段的生命周期TMR。已经发现，NGV生产使用的资源超过GV生产所需资源的两倍。特别是，由于使用铜，在电动汽车生产中，牵引锂离子电池的生产约占资源开发总量的一半，而在燃料电池汽车生产中，将近40％的资源开发归因于由于使用了铂，燃料电池的生产。生命周期TMR和CO之间的逆趋势 在FCV生产中，将近40％的资源开发归因于使用Pt导致的燃料电池生产。生命周期TMR和CO之间的逆趋势 在FCV生产中，将近40％的资源开发归因于使用Pt导致的燃料电池生产。生命周期TMR和CO之间的逆趋势针对每种类型的车辆所观察到的图₂表示，最近的交通政策以排放的环境影响为重点，却忽略了与资源开发相关的隐藏因素。