During pathogen interaction with the host, several mechanisms are used to favor or inhibit the infectious process; one is called nutritional immunity, characterized by restriction of micronutrients to pathogens. Several studies on fungi of the Paracoccidioides complex, have demonstrated that these pathogens remodel their metabolic pathways to overcome the hostile condition imposed by the host. However, molecular mechanisms that control the regulation of those metabolic changes are not fully understood. Therefore, this work characterizes the expression profile of miRNAs during iron deprivation and describes metabolic pathways putatively regulated by those molecules. Through analysis of RNAseq, 45 miRNAs were identified and eight presented alterations in the expression profile during iron deprivation. Among the differentially regulated miRNAs, five were more abundant in yeast cells during iron deprivation and interestingly, the analyses of genes potentially regulated by those five miRNAs, pointed to metabolic pathways as oxidative phosphorylation, altered in response to iron deprivation. In addition, miRNAs with more abundance in iron presence, have as target genes encoding transcriptional factors related to iron homeostasis and uptake. Therefore, we suggest that miRNAs produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis may contribute to the adaptive responses of this fungus in iron starvation environment.

在病原体与宿主相互作用的过程中，有几种机制被用来支持或抑制感染过程；一种称为营养免疫，其特征是将微量营养素限制在病原体上。对副球孢子菌真菌的若干研究复杂的，已经证明这些病原体重塑其代谢途径以克服宿主强加的敌对条件。然而，控制这些代谢变化的分子机制尚不完全清楚。因此，这项工作表征了缺铁期间 miRNA 的表达谱，并描述了推定受这些分子调节的代谢途径。通过对 RNAseq 的分析，鉴定了 45 种 miRNA，并且在缺铁期间有 8 种表达谱发生了变化。在差异调节的 miRNA 中，在缺铁期间，酵母细胞中有 5 个更丰富，有趣的是，对可能受这 5 个 miRNA 调节的基因的分析表明，代谢途径为氧化磷酸化，响应缺铁而改变。此外，含有更多铁的 miRNA 具有编码与铁稳态和摄取相关的转录因子的靶基因。因此，我们建议由Paracoccidioides brasiliensis可能有助于这种真菌在铁饥饿环境中的适应性反应。