The surface of liquid metals plays a critical role in establishing thermodynamic equilibria (both mass and energy) at the interface between liquid metal and air. The exploration on the surface structure and electronic property of liquid metals triggers a new field of the liquid metal surface chemistry system, which is indispensable for researching scientific phenomena and developing practical technologies. In this review, we mainly focus on the low-toxicity, biocompatible, and room-temperature molding gallium-based (Ga-based) liquid metals. We firstly introduce these surface characteristics of Ga-based liquid metals such as wetting, oxidizing, layering, and freezing, and offer an in-depth discussion to unearth the underlying mechanisms. On this basis, these related various applications are presented. Finally, we conclude the review with insights into the challenges and prospects in this rapidly emerging research field.

液态金属的表面在建立液态金属与空气之间的界面的热力学平衡（质量和能量）方面起着至关重要的作用。对液态金属表面结构和电子性质的探索，引发了液态金属表面化学系统的新领域，这对于研究科学现象和发展实用技术必不可少。在本文中，我们主要关注低毒性，生物相容性和室温成型的镓基（Ga基）液态金属。我们首先介绍Ga基液态金属的这些表面特性，例如润湿，氧化，成层和凝固，并进行深入讨论以揭示其潜在机理。在此基础上，介绍了这些相关的各种应用程序。最后，