Human ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that removes the ubiquitin (Ub) protein and spares substrates from degradation. Given its regulation of proteins involved in several cellular processes, abnormal expression and activity of USP7 are associated with several types of disease, including cancer. In this review, we summarize the developments in our understanding of USP7 over the past 5 years, focusing on its role in related cancers. Furthermore, we discuss clinical studies of USP7, including in vivo and pharmacological studies, as well as the development of USP7 inhibitors. A comprehensive understanding of USP7 will expand our knowledge of the structure and function of USP7‐mediated signaling and shed light on drug discovery for different diseases in which USP7 is implicated.

人类泛素特异性蛋白酶 7 (USP7) 是一种去泛素化酶，可去除泛素 (Ub) 蛋白并使底物免于降解。鉴于其对参与多种细胞过程的蛋白质的调节，USP7 的异常表达和活性与多种类型的疾病有关，包括癌症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去 5 年我们对 USP7 理解的进展，重点关注其在相关癌症中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了 USP7 的临床研究，包括体内和药理学研究，以及 USP7 抑制剂的开发。全面了解 USP7 将扩展我们对 USP7 介导的信号传导结构和功能的认识，并阐明 USP7 所涉及的不同疾病的药物发现。