Abstract In this paper, an extended numerical analysis of the “confined-crest impact” (hereinafter referred as “C-CI”), induced by non-breaking waves on recurved parapet walls, is presented to better understand the physics and characteristics of this impulsive wave phenomenon, which significantly depends on the geometry of the parapet (here made by a sector of circumference) as well as on non-breaking wave steepness. A dimensional analysis of the forces has been carried out and used to analyse the results obtained by numerical CFD computations. The numerical simulations, performed for different radii of curvature, opening angles and incoming wave characteristics (changing both the wave height H and wave period T), have shown that the maximum impulsive pressure: (i) takes place on the top of the recurved parapet and decreases moving towards the S W L , where it tends to vanish; (ii) tends to decrease as the radii of curvature and the incoming wave characteristics (wave height H and period T) increase. However, this reduction in the maximum pressure, is always accompanied by an increase of the forces acting on the recurved parapet and a decrease of the wave overtopping volumes. Moreover, the maximum wave induced pressures have been examined by means of regular and irregular wave conditions in order to analyse the possibility of schematising the effects (i.e. forces) of an irregular sea state with those of a regular one, providing an equivalent force and therefore saving computational time. Based on the new results, a schematization of the pressure diagram induced by the C-CI impact has been proposed, used to extend the Goda-Takahashi pressure diagrams, valid for vertical walls in non-breaking wave conditions, including recurved walls.

中文翻译：

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受限波峰影响：强制维度分析和Goda公式的扩展到反曲护栏

摘要 在本文中，对反曲护墙上由非破碎波引起的“约束波峰冲击”（以下简称“C-CI”）进行了扩展数值分析，以更好地理解这种冲击的物理特性和特性。脉冲波现象，这在很大程度上取决于护墙的几何形状（这里由圆周的一个部分构成）以及不间断的波陡度。已经进行了力的尺寸分析，并用于分析通过数值 CFD 计算获得的结果。针对不同曲率半径、张角和来波特性（同时改变波高 H 和波周期 T）进行的数值模拟表明，最大冲击压力：(i) 发生在反曲栏杆的顶部，并朝着 SWL 减少，在那里它趋于消失；(ii) 随着曲率半径和入射波特性（波高 H 和周期 T）的增加而趋于减小。然而，这种最大压力的降低总是伴随着作用在反曲栏杆上的力的增加和波浪越顶体积的减少。此外，通过规则和不规则波浪条件检查了最大波浪诱发压力，以分析将不规则海况的影响（即力）与规则海况的影响（即力）示意图的可能性，提供等效的力，因此节省计算时间。基于新的结果，提出了由 C-CI 影响引起的压力图的示意图，