The commonly used electrodeposition method for copper electrorefining electrolyte purification is actually suffered from the complicated process, expensive energy cost and the potential arsine hazard. This work synthesized a kind of submicro-sized amorphous antimonic acids (A-SbA) with ultrahigh solubilities in strong acid aqueous solution and evaluated their environment-friendly application in removing the problematic impurity bismuth (Bi). By controlling the hydrolysis ratio and aging time the crystalline structures and dissolution behaviors of A-SbA materials can be varied. The effects of hydrolysis ratio, aging time, temperature, acidity, initial Bi concentration and co-existing ions on Bi(III) removal efficiencies by A-SbA were systemically studied. The results show that the A-SbA prepared at a hydrolysis ratio of 1:2 without aging treatment has the highest solubility and the maximum Bi(III) removal capacity can reach 300.2 mg g^-1. The Sb(V)-Bi(III) reactions follow a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the apparent activation energy of reaction process is calculated to be 32.14 kJ mol^-1. The Bi(III) removal efficiencies of over 99% can be achieved under the coexistence of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Na⁺ and Sb(III), while As(III,V) ions can also be partially precipitated together with Bi(III). This work gives an insight into the hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride and the polymerization of monomer HSb(OH)₆ as well as the Sb(V)-Bi(III)-As(III,V) interaction behaviors.

实际上，用于铜电精炼电解质纯化的常用电沉积方法受到工艺复杂，能源成本昂贵和潜在的砷化氢危害的困扰。这项工作合成了一种在超强酸水溶液中具有超高溶解度的亚微米级无定形锑酸（A-SbA），并评估了它们在环境中对去除有问题的杂质铋（Bi）的应用。通过控制水解率和老化时间，可以改变A-SbA材料的晶体结构和溶解行为。系统研究了水解率，老化时间，温度，酸度，初始Bi浓度和共存离子对A-SbA去除Bi（III）效率的影响。结果表明，水解比为1的A-SbA：^-1。Sb（V）-Bi（III）反应遵循拟二级动力学模型，反应过程的表观活化能计算为32.14 kJ mol ^-1。在Cu 2 ⁺，Ni 2 ⁺，Na ⁺和Sb（III）并存的情况下，可以实现超过99％的Bi（III）去除效率，而As（III，V）离子也可以与Bi一起部分沉淀（III）。这项工作深入了解五氯化锑的水解和单体HSb（OH）₆的聚合以及Sb（V）-Bi（III）-As（III，V）的相互作用行为。