Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples – such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols – we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.

克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎等炎症性肠病（IBDs）是终生疾病，仍然难以治疗。IBD的特征在于肠屏障功能的改变以及先天和适应性免疫的失调。发现越来越多的脂质是炎症和免疫以及肠道生理的重要调节剂。因此，对IBDs中脂质介体的研究有望增进我们对疾病发病机理的理解并带来新的治疗机会。在这里，通过一些示例，例如脂肪酸，专门的促分解介质，溶血磷脂，内源性大麻素和氧固醇，我们讨论了脂质信号传导如何参与IBD生理病理学，以及调节脂质信号传导途径如何影响IBD。