AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex switched Ethernet) standardized as ARINC 664 is chosen as the backbone network for distributed real-time avionics systems as it offers high throughput and does not require global clock synchronization. A deterministic upper bound of the end-to-end transmission delays for packets of each flow should be guaranteed to ensure the network performance. In this paper, we focus on the forward end-to-end delay analysis (FA). This approach iteratively estimates the maximum backlog (amount of the pending packets) in the switch output port along the transmission path so that the worst-case end-to-end transmission delay can be computed and the network performance can be evaluated. Recent research demonstrates this approach is pessimistic (overestimated). This paper presents an optimization which considers the serialization effect of packets transmitted through the same physical link. We provide a comparative analysis on both sample network configurations and real industrial systems. The experiments show that by considering the serialization effect the forward end-to-end delay analysis can remove the pessimism in the analysis of end-to-end transmission delay. The evaluation of network performance can be improved. Then a discussion on the potential optimism (underestimation) is presented.

中文翻译：

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使用优化的前向端到端延迟分析对 AFDX 网络的数据包传输进行性能评估

标准化为 ARINC 664 的 AFDX（航空电子全双工交换以太网）被选为分布式实时航空电子系统的骨干网络，因为它提供高吞吐量且不需要全局时钟同步。应保证每个流的数据包端到端传输时延的确定性上限，以保证网络性能。在本文中，我们专注于前向端到端延迟分析（FA）。这种方法迭代地估计传输路径上交换机输出端口中的最大积压（待处理数据包的数量），以便可以计算最坏情况的端到端传输延迟，并可以评估网络性能。最近的研究表明这种方法是悲观的（高估）。本文提出了一种优化，它考虑了通过同一物理链路传输的数据包的序列化效果。我们对示例网络配置和实际工业系统进行了比较分析。实验表明，前向端到端时延分析考虑串行化效应，可以消除端到端传输时延分析中的悲观情绪。可以改进对网络性能的评估。然后讨论了潜在的乐观（低估）。实验表明，前向端到端时延分析考虑串行化效应，可以消除端到端传输时延分析中的悲观情绪。可以改进对网络性能的评估。然后讨论了潜在的乐观（低估）。实验表明，前向端到端时延分析考虑串行化效应，可以消除端到端传输时延分析中的悲观情绪。可以改进对网络性能的评估。然后讨论了潜在的乐观（低估）。