The implementation of utilizing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readout for constant voltage biased transition edge sensors (TES) has enabled the detection of the infinitesimal fluctuation in cosmic microwave background (CMB). The properties of the fluctuations will provide us the information of the universe at the time that this light was first emitted. In short, by measuring the CMB today, we learn about the distant, ancient universe—how the universe began, what it is made of, and how it evolved to its current state. Over the past 20 years, we have achieved many successful CMB measurements with Josephson junctions. Brian, I offer my congratulations on your eight decades of life—Happy 80th birthday!

将超导量子干扰设备（SQUID）读数用于恒定电压偏置的过渡边缘传感器（TES）的实现，使得能够检测宇宙微波背景（CMB）中的微小波动。波动的性质将为我们提供该光首次发射时的宇宙信息。简而言之，通过测量今天的CMB，我们了解了遥远的古老宇宙—宇宙是如何开始的，它是由什么组成的以及如何演变成当前状态。在过去的20年中，我们通过约瑟夫森路口成功实现了许多成功的CMB测量。布莱恩，我祝贺您八十年的生命-80岁生日快乐！