To investigate a possible association between glaucoma and the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the Australian population. A retrospective review of Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data was undertaken from July 2012 to December 2016, inclusive. Three patient groups were compared: those on both topical intraocular pressure (IOP) -lowering medication and ART, those on ART only, and those on IOP-lowering medication only, using the 2016 Australian resident population to estimate prevalence. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, [CI]) with Fishers exact test for p values were calculated stratified by age and gender. The number of prescriptions for topical glaucoma medications in the general Australian population increased progressively by age with a peak prevalence in those aged 80 years and above. Prevalence of ART was highest in males aged 40–49 and 50–59 years (0.41% [CI 0.40, 0.42] and 0.44% [CI 0.43, 0.45], respectively). Our analysis identified an increase in the prescription of IOP-lowering medication in males on ART aged 30–39 (OR 2.23 [CI 1.32, 3.75], p = 0.007) and 40–49 (OR 1.86 [CI 1.42, 2.43], p < 0.001), compared to those not on ART. There were no statistically significant increased odds for females or males aged 50 years or more. Compared with the known increase in glaucoma prevalence with age in the general Australian population, a statistically significant increased prevalence in use of IOP-lowering medications was found in males on ART aged 30–49 years. The mechanism for this is yet to be determined, but possible causes include sequelae of HIV infection, a drug-induced side effect, or increased medical surveillance.

中文翻译：

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一项基于人群的研究显示，澳大利亚中年男性服用抗逆转录病毒药物的青光眼药物使用率增加

调查青光眼和使用抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）在澳大利亚人口中的HIV之间的可能联系。从2012年7月至2016年12月，对澳大利亚药品福利计划数据进行了回顾性审查。比较了三个患者组：使用2016年澳大利亚常住人口来估计使用局部降眼压（IOP）和ART的患者，仅使用ART的患者和仅使用IOP的药物的患者。用Fishers精确检验p值的几率（95％置信区间，[CI]）按年龄和性别分层。在澳大利亚的一般人群中，局部青光眼药物的处方数量随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加，在80岁以上的人群中患病率最高。在40-49岁和50-59岁的男性中，ART的患病率最高（分别为0.41％[CI 0.40，0.42]和0.44％[CI 0.43，0.45]）。我们的分析发现，年龄在30-39岁（ART为2.23 [CI 1.32，3.75]，p = 0.007）和40-49岁（OR 1.86 [CI 1.42，2.43]，p）的男性中降低IOP的处方增加<0.001），而未使用ART的则为0.001。年龄在50岁或以上的女性或男性的赔率在统计上均无统计学意义的增加。与已知的澳大利亚普通人群青光眼患病率随年龄的增加相比，在接受30-49岁抗逆转录病毒治疗的男性中，使用降低IOP药物的患病率具有统计学上的显着增加。其机制尚待确定，但可能的原因包括HIV感染的后遗症，药物引起的副作用或增强的医学监测。