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A pair of ascending neurons in the subesophageal zone mediates aversive sensory inputs-evoked backward locomotion in Drosophila larvae
PLOS Genetics ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009120
Natsuko Omamiuda-Ishikawa , Moeka Sakai , Kazuo Emoto

Animals typically avoid unwanted situations with stereotyped escape behavior. For instance, Drosophila larvae often escape from aversive stimuli to the head, such as mechanical stimuli and blue light irradiation, by backward locomotion. Responses to these aversive stimuli are mediated by a variety of sensory neurons including mechanosensory class III da (C3da) sensory neurons and blue-light responsive class IV da (C4da) sensory neurons and Bolwig’s organ (BO). How these distinct sensory pathways evoke backward locomotion at the circuit level is still incompletely understood. Here we show that a pair of cholinergic neurons in the subesophageal zone, designated AMBs, evoke robust backward locomotion upon optogenetic activation. Anatomical and functional analysis shows that AMBs act upstream of MDNs, the command-like neurons for backward locomotion. Further functional analysis indicates that AMBs preferentially convey aversive blue light information from C4da neurons to MDNs to elicit backward locomotion, whereas aversive information from BO converges on MDNs through AMB-independent pathways. We also found that, unlike in adult flies, MDNs are dispensable for the dead end-evoked backward locomotion in larvae. Our findings thus reveal the neural circuits by which two distinct blue light-sensing pathways converge on the command-like neurons to evoke robust backward locomotion, and suggest that distinct but partially redundant neural circuits including the command-like neurons might be utilized to drive backward locomotion in response to different sensory stimuli as well as in adults and larvae.



中文翻译:

食管下区域的一对上升神经元介导果蝇幼虫的厌恶感觉输入引起的向后运动

动物通常会以刻板的逃避行为避免不必要的情况。例如,果蝇幼虫通常通过向后运动而从诸如机械刺激和蓝光辐照等刺激性刺激逃逸到头部。对这些厌恶刺激的反应由多种感觉神经元介导,包括机械感觉III类da(C3da)感觉神经元和蓝光反应IV类da(C4da)感觉神经元和Bolwig器官(BO)。这些不同的感觉途径如何引起回路水平的向后运动仍未完全理解。在这里,我们显示了在食管下区域的一对胆碱能神经元(称为AMBs)在光遗传学激活后唤起了强大的向后运动。解剖和功能分析表明,AMB在MDN(向后运动的命令状神经元)的上游起作用。进一步的功能分析表明,AMB优先从C4da神经元向MDN传递厌恶性蓝光信息,以引起向后运动,而来自BO的厌恶性信息则通过AMB独立途径在MDN上收敛。我们还发现,与成年蝇不同,MDN对于幼虫死端诱发的向后运动是必不可少的。因此,我们的发现揭示了神经回路,通过该回路,两个不同的蓝色光感测路径会聚在命令状神经元上,以唤起强大的向后运动,并建议可以利用包括命令状神经元在内的独特但部分冗余的神经回路来驱动向后运动响应于不同的感觉刺激以及成年和幼虫的运动。而来自BO的厌恶信息则通过AMB独立途径在MDN上收敛。我们还发现,与成年蝇不同,MDN对于幼虫死端诱发的向后运动是必不可少的。因此,我们的发现揭示了神经回路,通过该回路,两个不同的蓝色光感测路径会聚在命令状神经元上,以唤起强大的向后运动,并建议可以利用包括命令状神经元在内的独特但部分冗余的神经回路来驱动向后运动响应于不同的感觉刺激以及成年和幼虫的运动。而来自BO的厌恶信息则通过AMB独立途径在MDN上收敛。我们还发现,与成年蝇不同,MDN对于幼虫死端诱发的向后运动是必不可少的。因此,我们的发现揭示了神经回路,通过该回路,两个不同的蓝色光感测路径会聚在命令状神经元上,以唤起强大的向后运动,并建议可以利用包括命令状神经元在内的独特但部分冗余的神经回路来驱动向后运动响应于不同的感觉刺激以及成年和幼虫的运动。

更新日期:2020-11-03
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