The anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck of water splitting to produce hydrogen due to its sluggish kinetics. In order to lower the energy cost, highly active and cost‐efficient OER catalysts need to be used to overcome the OER reaction barrier, especially in neutral pH. Compared to alkaline or acidic electrolytes, pH‐neutral or pH‐near‐neutral electrolytes are considered to be cheaper and safer, and water from rivers and the sea could be used directly under such conditions. However, OER under neutral pH is challenging compared to the OER catalysts for alkaline conditions. Therefore, OER catalysts for neutral or near‐neutral pH have not been pursued significantly and, hence, there are limited advances in this area. Here, the progress made in the research and development of earth‐abundant heterogeneous catalysts for OER in three pH‐neutral or pH‐near‐neutral systems, namely, the phosphate system, the carbonate system, and the borate system, are systematically reviewed and summarized for the first time. Strategies to develop high‐performance OER catalysts for neutral pH are reviewed and summarized. In addition, future challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed, which may shed some light on the future developments of earth‐abundant heterogeneous catalysts for OER in neutral or near‐neutral pH.

中文翻译：

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为 pH 中性或 pH 近中性电解质开发地球丰富的多相析氧反应催化剂的策略

由于其缓慢的动力学，阳极析氧反应（OER）是水分解产生氢气的瓶颈。为了降低能源成本，需要使用高活性和成本效益高的 OER 催化剂来克服 OER 反应障碍，尤其是在中性 pH 值下。与碱性或酸性电解质相比，pH 中性或 pH 接近中性的电解质被认为更便宜、更安全，在这种条件下可以直接使用来自河流和海洋的水。然而，与碱性条件下的 OER 催化剂相比，中性 pH 值下的 OER 具有挑战性。因此，用于中性或近中性 pH 值的 OER 催化剂尚未得到广泛的研究，因此该领域的进展有限。这里，系统综述和总结了三种 pH 中性或 pH 近中性体系（磷酸盐体系、碳酸盐体系和硼酸盐体系）中用于 OER 的地球丰度非均相催化剂的研究和开发进展。第一次。综述和总结了开发用于中性 pH 值的高性能 OER 催化剂的策略。此外，还讨论了该领域未来的挑战和机遇，这可能为地球上丰富的非均相催化剂在中性或近中性 pH 值下的 OER 的未来发展提供一些启示。综述和总结了开发用于中性 pH 值的高性能 OER 催化剂的策略。此外，还讨论了该领域未来的挑战和机遇，这可能为地球上丰富的非均相催化剂在中性或近中性 pH 值下的 OER 的未来发展提供一些启示。综述和总结了开发用于中性 pH 值的高性能 OER 催化剂的策略。此外，还讨论了该领域未来的挑战和机遇，这可能为地球上丰富的非均相催化剂在中性或近中性 pH 值下的 OER 的未来发展提供一些启示。