A novel preparation method of hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) was developed. For the first time, polyacrylonitrile-derived HCSs were obtained under IR heating of joint precursor of the polymer and palladium compound in the presence of alkali. The simultaneous carbonization of polyacrylonitrile and its chemical activation with KOH in the presence of forming palladium nanoparticles provide the production of multiple HCSs located on the surface of the highly-porous carbon support. According to the proposed HCS preparation mechanism, the presence of potassium hydroxide during PAN pyrolysis leads to changes in both the products of pyrolysis and their concentration, which provides to the formation of a large amount of HCSs on palladium nanoparticles. The obtained HCSs are characterized by an outer diameter of 40–500 nm and a wall thickness of 3–15 nm. TEM micrographs and analysis of structural characteristics showed that HCS walls consist of oxidized graphite with an interplanar distance of 3.96 Å. It was found that HCSs are non-uniform, some of them have thickly sites built by additional graphene sheets on the graphitic sphere walls.

提出了一种新型的空心碳球制备方法。第一次，在碱的存在下，在聚合物和钯化合物的联合前体的红外加热下，获得了聚丙烯腈衍生的HCS。在形成钯纳米粒子的情况下，聚丙烯腈同时碳化并用KOH进行化学活化，可产生位于高度多孔碳载体表面的多种HCS。根据提出的HCS制备机理，PAN热解过程中氢氧化钾的存在会导致热解产物及其浓度的变化，从而在钯纳米颗粒上形成大量HCS。获得的HCS的特征是外径为40–500 nm，壁厚为3–15 nm。TEM显微照片和结构特征分析表明，HCS壁由氧化石墨组成，晶面间距为3.96Å。发现HCS是不均匀的，其中一些在石墨球壁上具有厚厚的位置，这些位置是由额外的石墨烯片构成的。