Abstract Leaching of metals into the ground causes major peril to the lives of the living organisms as well as the environment. Due to this fact, non-metallic semiconductors have gained substantial interest. High chemical stability and good thermodynamic potential of graphitic carbon nitride renders it a good catalytic material for water splitting. Graphene is also an effective photocatalyst because of exclusive mechanical properties, extraordinary thermal conductivity, and high specific surface area as well as high young modulus. But high recombination rate, the low surface area beside the poor movement of the charges of graphitic carbon nitride, and zero band gap of graphene limit their application. These can be amended by forming their couple, their hybrid with other semiconductors, depositing co-catalyst, etc. This review clearly outlines the merits of forming a couple of graphitic carbon nitride or graphene and their hybrid nanostructured catalysts with other semiconductors. Methodologies of synthesis, physico-chemical characteristics, band gap features, catalytic mechanism, and their applications for photocatalytic hydrogen production are also clearly explained. The methods to amend the aforementioned drawbacks and future prospects of these metal-free flat type structured catalysts are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯/石墨氮化碳基三元纳米杂化物：光催化制氢的合成方法、性能和应用

摘要 金属渗入地下对生物体的生命和环境造成重大危害。由于这个事实，非金属半导体引起了极大的兴趣。石墨氮化碳的高化学稳定性和良好的热力学势使其成为良好的水分解催化材料。石墨烯也是一种有效的光催化剂，因为它具有独特的机械性能、非凡的导热性、高比表面积以及高杨氏模量。但高复合率、低表面积以及石墨氮化碳电荷运动差以及石墨烯的零带隙限制了它们的应用。这些可以通过形成它们的偶合、它们与其他半导体的混合、沉积助催化剂等来修改。这篇综述清楚地概述了形成石墨氮化碳或石墨烯及其与其他半导体混合纳米结构催化剂的优点。还清楚地解释了合成方法、物理化学特性、带隙特性、催化机理及其在光催化制氢中的应用。还讨论了修正这些无金属扁平型结构催化剂的上述缺点和未来前景的方法。