Atomically-thin two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure, an emerging class of nanomaterials, has achieved tremendous progress in the past decade and will remain a significant research topic in the near future. Apart from the discoveries of various 2D nanomaterials, remarkable attentions have been paid to the rational design and alteration of architectures based on pristine 2D materials to meet demands of next-generation functional applications in the near term. Herein, this review intends to provide an instant survey over the recent key advances on the structural engineering strategies of 2D nanomaterial-based architectures for new sensing capabilities and opportunities. Through intrinsic or extrinsic alterations, the pristine 2D nanostructures of some unique intrinsic properties could be modified and functionalized to overcome existing drawbacks and obtain synergistic abilities, demonstrating a great potential in promoting sensing performances. In parallel with the latest development of structural engineering strategies and related functionalized devices including sensors towards detecting Covid-19 antigens, the underlying mechanisms are reviewed to offer insights in understandings of architecture design and property tailoring for boosting sensing capabilities and performances.

原子薄的二维（2D）纳米结构是一类新兴的纳米材料，在过去的十年中取得了巨大的进步，并且在不久的将来仍将是一个重要的研究课题。除了发现各种2D纳米材料外，人们还对基于原始2D材料的体系结构的合理设计和变更给予了极大的关注，以在短期内满足下一代功能应用的需求。本文中，本综述旨在就基于2D纳米材料的体系结构的结构工程策略在新的传感功能和机遇方面的最新关键进展提供即时调查。通过内在或外在的改变，某些独特内在性质的原始2D纳米结构可以进行修改和功能化，以克服现有缺陷并获得协同能力，这在促进传感性能方面显示出巨大潜力。与结构工程策略和相关功能设备（包括用于检测Covid-19抗原的传感器）的最新发展同时，对基本机制进行了综述，以提供对体系结构设计和特性定制的理解的洞察力，以增强传感能力和性能。